{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T17:33:42Z","timestamp":1791480822404,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008451","name":"College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008451","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04gsp2c11","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomimetics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles (MMNPs) are an emerging class of biomimetic nanoplatforms that combine the immune-regulatory functions of macrophages with the structural versatility of synthetic nanoparticles (NPs). By retaining key membrane proteins and receptors, MMNPs exhibit natural targeting capabilities, immune interactions, and inflammatory site homing, making them promising tools for immunomodulation and targeted therapy. This review summarizes macrophage biology relevant to immune regulation and discusses how nanoparticle core properties, including size, surface charge, composition, and mechanical characteristics, influence membrane coating efficiency, stability, and biological performance. Current fabrication and characterization strategies for MMNPs are also discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on the therapeutic applications of MMNPs in inflammatory disorders, tissue regeneration, and oral and dental implant-related applications. Recent studies demonstrate that MMNPs can modulate macrophage polarization, sequester pro-inflammatory cytokines, remodel the immune microenvironment, and promote tissue repair and bone regeneration, highlighting their potential to improve implant integration and reduce inflammation-associated implant failure. Despite these promising advances, challenges remain regarding large-scale manufacturing, membrane preservation, reproducibility, and long-term biosafety. Continued interdisciplinary research in nanotechnology, immunology, and biomaterials engineering is expected to accelerate the clinical translation of MMNPs for regenerative and immunomodulatory therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biomimetics11070482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T11:43:34Z","timestamp":1783683814000},"page":"482","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Macrophage Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles for Immunomodulation and Bone Regeneration: Emerging Applications in Oral and Dental Implant Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Derhambakhsh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5659-7884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tulio","family":"Fernandez-Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia"},{"name":"School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elsa","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suchandan","family":"Sikder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8912-6894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernest","family":"Jennings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6071-5102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine M.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4189516","DOI":"10.34133\/2021\/4189516","article-title":"The Dynamic Inflammatory Tissue Microenvironment: Signality and Disease Therapy by Biomaterials","volume":"2021","author":"Mata","year":"2021","journal-title":"Research"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3222","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201545818","article-title":"Inflammation in tissue engineering: The Janus between engraftment and rejection","volume":"45","author":"Crupi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. 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