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This review presents a comprehensive exploration of the biological principles, physical mechanisms, and performance outcomes associated with aerodynamic characteristics of aerial vehicles through fine-scale biomimetic features. This review categorizes these bio-inspired surface and morphological models into static, superhydrophobic, and dynamic smart structures. Furthermore, it examines the underlying fluid mechanics through both experimental and computational studies, detailing key mechanisms including vortex manipulation, transition delay, reconfiguration, wake stabilization and flow deceleration. While demonstrating strong potential, the field faces challenges in scalability, structural integration, environmental durability, and performance under variable flow conditions. Future directions emphasize multifunctionality and standardized validation protocols. By unifying insights from nature with advances in biomimetics and fluid dynamics, this review outlines a roadmap for the next generation of intelligent, high-performance aerodynamic and hydrodynamic systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biomimetics11080523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T17:13:17Z","timestamp":1784826797000},"page":"523","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Comprehensive Review of Bio-Inspired Surface and Morphological Structures for Enhancing Aerodynamic and Hydrodynamic Performances: Trends, Mechanisms, and Future Horizons"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6961-8341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masuruddin","family":"Shaik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AML & LASP, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Haidain District, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4149-3369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei-Xi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AML & LASP, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Haidain District, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s40544-021-0502-8","article-title":"Drag reduction methods at solid-liquid interfaces","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Friction"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1007\/s40544-020-0393-0","article-title":"Superlubricitive engineering\u2014Future industry nearly getting rid of wear and frictional energy consumption","volume":"8","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Friction"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1080\/15502287.2024.2403067","article-title":"Investigation on the unsteady aerodynamic performance of the Drela AG 08 and Boeing B29 airfoils subjected to heaving motion","volume":"26","author":"Shaik","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. 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