{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T11:08:51Z","timestamp":1788952131710,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Specialized Intelligent Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory","award":["PT2025KJS002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PT2025KJS002"]}]},{"award":["PT2025KJS002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PT2025KJS002"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03v61g875","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shandong Province Higher Education Institutions","award":["PT2025KJS005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PT2025KJS005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomimetics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Precise end-effector positioning of a robotic arm is critical for accurate performance in robotics, which directly impacts the system\u2019s performance in applications requiring high precision. This paper presents an optimized tag-based inverse kinematics approach for a 6 DoF robotic arm using a Modified Biogeography-Based Optimization (MBBO) algorithm, which is an enhanced version of the original Biogeography-Based Optimization (BBO), a population-based evolutionary algorithm inspired by the natural distribution of species across habitats. The target position is identified via AprilTag visual fiducial markers and integrated into the inverse kinematics solver. Performance was evaluated against Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and BBO through 3-dimensional simulations involving ten target points. Results show that MBBO achieves reduced positioning error compared to GA, PSO, and BBO, resulting in lower end-effector position errors. The findings highlight the effectiveness of combining visual tag detection with advanced optimization for precise robotic arm control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biomimetics11090646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T09:24:02Z","timestamp":1788945842000},"page":"646","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Modified Biogeography-Based Optimization Approach for Visual Position-Based Inverse Kinematics of Robotic Arms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Liancheng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong Huayu University of Technology, Dezhou 253034, China"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6364-6392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Soleimani","family":"Amiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Security, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5907-3736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rizauddin","family":"Ramli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Sharifah Sakinah","family":"Syed Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Security, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xiaotian","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong Huayu University of Technology, Dezhou 253034, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanehiro, F., Suleiman, W., and Griffin, R. 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