{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T15:31:16Z","timestamp":1789659076289,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Inonu University","award":["FCD-2026-4369"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCD-2026-4369"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04asck240","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["FCD-2026-4369"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCD-2026-4369"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04asck240","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomimetics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>48 V bus modules must stay regulated under wide input-voltage swings and fast load transients. A proportional-integral (PI) controller and a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) are tuned by the same Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), a swarm metaheuristic modeled on bird-flock foraging, under an Integral of Time-weighted Absolute Error (ITAE) objective. The novelty is PSO-based membership-boundary optimization: the membership-function limits, analogues of biological decision thresholds, are shaped directly rather than only the scaling gains. A 153 W, 225 kHz synchronous boost converter is simulated with non-ideal parasitics. For input-voltage transitions the PSO-FLC shortens settling time by up to 70.5% (118 versus 400 ms), whereas the PSO-PI gives smaller peak deviation (26.2% versus 40.0%) and faster load-step recovery. Unconstrained, both controllers draw 58\u201362 A on the worst input-voltage step; a 10 A cycle-by-cycle limit removes these excursions. Under an identical budget and parameter count, boundary tuning attains 12.3% lower ITAE cost and roughly 40% shorter large-signal settling than scaling-gain tuning. Across ten runs the cost varies by under 1.5% of its mean, and the ranking holds at a realizable update rate (4.44 \u03bcs, zero-order hold) and under the current limit. The findings are simulation-only comparative design guidance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biomimetics11090656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T10:19:41Z","timestamp":1789381181000},"page":"656","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bio-Inspired PSO Optimization of Fuzzy Membership Boundaries and PI Gains for a 48 V Synchronous Boost Converter"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7682-7771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teoman","family":"Karadag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Inonu University, 44280 Malatya, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Istinye University, 34396 Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Emre","family":"Gozkaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Ozveri R&D Center, Ozdilek Ev Tekstil Sanayi ve Ticaret A.S., 16150 Bursa, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Arif","family":"Basgumus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Namdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kutahya Dumlupinar University, 43100 Kutahya, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(65)90241-X","article-title":"Fuzzy sets","volume":"8","author":"Zadeh","year":"1965","journal-title":"Inf. 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