{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T11:08:14Z","timestamp":1789470494985,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomimetics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Electrode-level compressibility may not imply transferable hardware redundancy in biomimetic myoelectric interfaces. This study tested whether sensor-count sufficiency discovered by trial-level analysis survives participant-grouped evaluation. Dataset A comprised 398 archived Myo Armband trials from eight gestures. Dataset B contained 864 one-second trials from 36 participants and six gestures. A timestamp audit identified extensive repeated channel values; Dataset B was therefore analyzed on a conservative 100 Hz grid with 20\u201345 Hz filtering. Sensor subsets and RBF-SVM parameters were selected exclusively within grouped training data using repeated nested validation. Electrode-level NMF, all 28 fixed six-sensor layouts, cyclic re-indexing, channel-block ablation, participant-cluster bootstrap, PCA, and time-domain-only sensitivity analyses were evaluated. Dataset A yielded 97.74% accuracy with six sensors and 97.93% with eight. In Dataset B, accuracy was 75.96% \u00b1 7.47% with six sensors and 77.93% \u00b1 6.49% with eight; the paired difference was \u22121.97 percentage points (corrected 95% CI, \u22125.50 to 1.56). The participant-cluster bootstrap interval was \u22123.70 to \u22120.31 points. Active-gesture accuracy was 71.67% and 74.35%, respectively. All fixed six-sensor layouts averaged 74.59%. Three NMF components reconstructed 89.95% \u00b1 1.78% of held-out-participant normalized RMS patterns, with no nonconverged folds. One-position cyclic re-indexing reduced accuracy to 40.28%; channel-block ablation caused losses of 0.62\u20136.71 points. Low-dimensional electrode-level RMS structure did not establish removable sensors across unseen users. Compact biomimetic interfaces require registration, adaptation, or equivariant processing before physical sensor reduction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biomimetics11090662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T10:32:01Z","timestamp":1789468321000},"page":"662","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Electrode-Level Low-Dimensionality Does Not Guarantee Sensor Redundancy: Dual-Dataset, Participant-Grouped Validation of Parsimonious Myoelectric Gesture Decoding"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6640-7917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0130smail","family":"\u00c7al\u0131ku\u015fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Device Technology Vocational School, Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University, Nevsehir 50300, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jaramillo-Y\u00e1\u00f1ez, A., Benalc\u00e1zar, M.E., and Mena-Maldonado, E. 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Eng."}],"container-title":["Biomimetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2313-7673\/11\/9\/662\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T10:56:15Z","timestamp":1789469775000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2313-7673\/11\/9\/662"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["biomimetics11090662"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomimetics11090662","relation":{},"ISSN":["2313-7673"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2313-7673","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]}}}