{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T04:48:30Z","timestamp":1792212510395,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]],"date-time":"2021-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["119585"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["119585"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["05247"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["05247"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014972","name":"Egg Farmers of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["252070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["252070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014972","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomimetics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Saliva production by salivary glands play a crucial role in oral health. The loss of salivary gland function could lead to xerostomia, a condition also known as dry mouth. Significant reduction in saliva production could lead to further complications such as difficulty in speech, mastication, and increased susceptibility to dental caries and oral infections and diseases. While some palliative treatments are available for xerostomia, there are no curative treatments to date. This study explores the use of Egg White Alginate (EWA), as an alternative scaffold to Matrigel\u00ae for culturing 3D salivary gland cells. A protocol for an optimized EWA was established by comparing cell viability using 1%, 2%, and 3% alginate solution. The normal salivary simian virus 40-immortalized acinar cell (NS-SV-AC) and the submandibular gland-human-1 (SMG-hu-1) cell lines were also used to compare the spheroid formation and cell viability properties of both scaffold biomaterials; cell viability was observed over 10 days using a Live\u2013Dead Cell Assay. Cell viability and spheroid size in 2% EWA was significantly greater than 1% and 3%. It is evident that EWA can support salivary cell survivability as well as form larger spheroids when compared to cells grown in Matrigel\u00ae. However, further investigations are necessary as it is unclear if cultured cells were proliferating or aggregating.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biomimetics7010005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]],"date-time":"2021-12-28T06:55:03Z","timestamp":1640674503000},"page":"5","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Egg White Alginate as a Novel Scaffold Biomaterial for 3D Salivary Cell Culturing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6854-0148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hieu M.","family":"Pham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada"},{"name":"College of Dentistry, New York University, 345 E 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuli","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5173-6494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose G.","family":"Munguia-Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5594-359X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon D.","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beale, T., and Madani, G. 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