{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T07:54:37Z","timestamp":1772697277866,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["437213841"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["437213841"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["# 310030E_192674\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["# 310030E_192674\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["437213841"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["437213841"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["# 310030E_192674\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["# 310030E_192674\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomimetics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Low back pain is often due to degeneration of the intervertebral discs (IVD). It is one of the most common age- and work-related problems in today\u2019s society. Current treatments are not able to efficiently restore the full function of the IVD. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to reconstruct the two parts of the intervertebral disc\u2014the annulus fibrosus (AF) and the nucleus pulposus (NP)\u2014in such a way that the natural structural features were mimicked by a textile design. Silk was selected as the biomaterial for realization of a textile IVD because of its cytocompatibility, biodegradability, high strength, stiffness, and toughness, both in tension and compression. Therefore, an embroidered structure made of silk yarn was developed that reproduces the alternating fiber structure of +30\u00b0 and \u221230\u00b0 fiber orientation found in the AF and mimics its lamellar structure. The developed embroidered ribbons showed a tensile strength that corresponded to that of the natural AF. Fiber additive manufacturing with 1 mm silk staple fibers was used to replicate the fiber network of the NP and generate an open porous textile 3D structure that may serve as a reinforcement structure for the gel-like NP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biomimetics8020152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T02:57:08Z","timestamp":1681268228000},"page":"152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Textile Design of an Intervertebral Disc Replacement Device from Silk Yarn"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5405-0981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"W\u00f6ltje","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Textile Machinery and High-Performance Material Technology, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, 01602 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liesa","family":"K\u00fcnzelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Textile Machinery and High-Performance Material Technology, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, 01602 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Basak","family":"Belg\u00fccan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Textile Machinery and High-Performance Material Technology, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, 01602 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1472-1979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas S.","family":"Croft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tissue Engineering for Orthopaedic and Mechanobiology, Bone and Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Medical Faculty, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Voumard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Bracher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4712-7047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Zysset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9005-0655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Gantenbein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tissue Engineering for Orthopaedic and Mechanobiology, Bone and Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Medical Faculty, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chokri","family":"Cherif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Textile Machinery and High-Performance Material Technology, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, 01602 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dilbar","family":"Aibibu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Textile Machinery and High-Performance Material Technology, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, 01602 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2007.10.005","article-title":"A systematic review of low back pain cost of illness studies in the United States and internationally","volume":"8","author":"Dagenais","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2010.10.002","article-title":"The Epidemiology of low back pain","volume":"24","author":"Hoy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Best Pract. 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