{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T07:16:49Z","timestamp":1779002209037,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomimetics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The electric eel has an organ made up of hundreds of electrocytes, which is called the electric organ. This organ is used to sense and detect weak electric field signals. By sensing electric field signals, the electric eel can identify changes in their surroundings, detect potential prey or other electric eels, and use it for navigation and orientation. Path-finding algorithms are currently facing optimality challenges such as the shortest path, shortest time, and minimum memory overhead. In order to improve the search performance of a traditional A* algorithm, this paper proposes a bidirectional jump point search algorithm (BJPS+) based on the electricity-guided navigation behavior of electric eels and map preprocessing. Firstly, a heuristic strategy based on the electrically induced navigation behavior of electric eels is proposed to speed up the node search. Secondly, an improved jump point search strategy is proposed to reduce the complexity of jump point screening. Then, a new map preprocessing strategy is proposed to construct the relationship between map nodes. Finally, path planning is performed based on the processed map information. In addition, a rewiring strategy is proposed to reduce the number of path inflection points and path length. The simulation results show that the proposed BJPS+ algorithm can generate optimal paths quickly and with less search time when the map is known.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biomimetics8050387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T08:33:09Z","timestamp":1692952389000},"page":"387","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Bidirectional Jump Point Search Path-Planning Algorithm Based on Electricity-Guided Navigation Behavior of Electric Eels and Map Preprocessing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Gong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"Research Center for Materials and Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangquan","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"Research Center for Materials and Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of On-Orbit Manufacturing and Integration for Space Optics System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingwen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"Research Center for Materials and Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of On-Orbit Manufacturing and Integration for Space Optics System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of On-Orbit Manufacturing and Integration for Space Optics System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongzhi","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"Research Center for Materials and Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of On-Orbit Manufacturing and Integration for Space Optics System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aimin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"Research Center for Materials and Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of On-Orbit Manufacturing and Integration for Space Optics System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hasiaoqier","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"Research Center for Materials and Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of On-Orbit Manufacturing and Integration for Space Optics System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of On-Orbit Manufacturing and Integration for Space Optics System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2016.12.003","article-title":"A new weighted pathfinding algorithms to reduce the search time on grid maps","volume":"71","author":"Sunar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Syst. 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