{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T20:49:57Z","timestamp":1790628597298,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Inha University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomimetics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Placental trophoblast invasion is critical for establishing the maternal\u2013fetal interface, yet the mechanisms driving trophoblast-induced maternal arterial remodeling remain elusive. To address this gap, we developed a three-dimensional microfluidic placenta-on-chip model that mimics early pregnancy placentation in a hypoxic environment. By studying human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under oxygen-deprived conditions upon trophoblast invasion, we observed significant HUVEC artery remodeling, suggesting the critical role of hypoxia in placentation. In particular, we found that trophoblasts secrete matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) proteins under hypoxic conditions, which contribute to arterial remodeling by the degradation of extracellular matrix components. This MMP-mediated remodeling is critical for facilitating trophoblast invasion and proper establishment of the maternal\u2013fetal interface. In addition, our platform allows real-time monitoring of HUVEC vessel contraction during trophoblast interaction, providing valuable insights into the dynamic interplay between trophoblasts and maternal vasculature. Collectively, our findings highlight the importance of MMP-mediated arterial remodeling in placental development and underscore the potential of our platform to study pregnancy-related complications and evaluate therapeutic interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biomimetics9050289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T11:18:17Z","timestamp":1715599097000},"page":"289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A Microphysiological Model to Mimic the Placental Remodeling during Early Stage of Pregnancy under Hypoxia-Induced Trophoblast Invasion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Seorin","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Fuwad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6237-4847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunhee","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4882-9040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tae-Joon","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Biohybrid Systems Research Center, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8420-637X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sun Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Biohybrid Systems Research Center, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2011.11.013","article-title":"Review: The Placenta and Developmental Programming: Balancing Fetal Nutrient Demands with Maternal Resource Allocation","volume":"33","author":"Burton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179827","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/179827","article-title":"Regulation of Nutrient Transport across the Placenta","volume":"2012","author":"Lager","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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