{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:19:09Z","timestamp":1760145549799,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017610","name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JCYJ20220530145205013","2019B090909010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20220530145205013","2019B090909010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017610","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project (Science and Technology Innovation Platform), High-level Innovation Research Institute","award":["JCYJ20220530145205013","2019B090909010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20220530145205013","2019B090909010"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomimetics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Swifts, a distinctive avian cohort, have garnered widespread attention owing to their exceptional flight agility. While their aerial prowess is well documented, the challenge swifts encounter while imbibing water introduces an intriguing complexity. The act of water uptake potentially disrupts their flight equilibrium, yet the mechanisms enabling these birds to maintain stability during this process remain enigmatic. In this study, we employed high-speed videography to observe swifts\u2019 water-drinking behavior. Notably, we observed that the swift adopts a dynamic V-shaped wing configuration during water immersion with the ability to modulate the V-shaped angle, thereby potentially fine-tuning their balance. To delve deeper, we utilized a three-dimensional laser scanner to meticulously construct a virtual 3D model of swifts, followed by computational fluid dynamics simulations to quantitatively assess the mechanical conditions during foraging. Our model indicates that the adoption of V-shaped wings, with a variable wing angle ranging from 30 to 60 degrees, serves to minimize residual torque, effectively mitigating potential flight instability. These findings not only enhance our comprehension of swifts\u2019 flight adaptability but also hold promise for inspiring innovative, highly maneuverable next-generation unmanned aerial vehicles. This research thus transcends avian biology, offering valuable insights for engineering and aeronautics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biomimetics9080457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T06:17:44Z","timestamp":1721974664000},"page":"457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Swifts Form V-Shaped Wings While Dipping in Water to Fine-Tune Balance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Shuangwei","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2133-7158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongjun","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Advanced Manufacturing, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key & Core Technology Innovation Institute of the Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou 510535, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China"},{"name":"School of Advanced Manufacturing, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05733","article-title":"How swifts control their glide performance with morphing wings","volume":"446","author":"Lentink","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1007\/s42235-021-00116-6","article-title":"A brief review on aerodynamic performance of wingtip slots and research prospect","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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