{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:19:12Z","timestamp":1760145552389,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Teleflex\u00ae Medical EMEA"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomimetics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to develop a novel biomimetic in vitro extraluminal migration model to observe the migration of bacteria along indwelling urinary catheters within the urethra and assess the efficacy of a prototype chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX) coating to prevent this migration. The in vitro urethra model utilised chromogenic agar. A catheter was inserted into each in vitro urethra. One side of the urethra was then inoculated with bacteria to replicate a contaminated urethral meatus. The models were then incubated for 30 days (d), with the migration distance recorded each day. Four indwelling catheter types were used to validate the in vitro urethra model and methodology. Using the biomimetic in vitro urethra model, E. coli and S. aureus migrated the entire length of a control catheter within 24\u201348 h (h). In the presence of a prototype CHX coating, full migration of the channel was prevented for 30 d. The results of this study support the hypothesis that catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) could be prevented by targeting catheter-mediated extraluminal microbial migration from outside of the urinary tract into the bladder.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biomimetics9080491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T03:46:36Z","timestamp":1723607196000},"page":"491","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Development of a Biomimetic Model of Bacteria Migration on Indwelling Urinary Catheter Surfaces"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9812-480X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yvonne J.","family":"Cortese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PRISM Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Fayne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teleflex Medical EMEA, N37 EC90 Athlone, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7643-5583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Declan M.","family":"Colbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PRISM Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1364-5583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Declan M.","family":"Devine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PRISM Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Fogarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioveterinary and Microbial Sciences, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2986742","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2986742","article-title":"Review of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections and In Vitro Urinary Tract Models","volume":"2018","author":"Cortese","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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