{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T15:05:41Z","timestamp":1790521541176,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62273075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62273075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022NSFSC0800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NSFSC0800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018542","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62273075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62273075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018542","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022NSFSC0800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NSFSC0800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomimetics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Electric Fish Optimization (EFO) algorithm is inspired by the predation behavior and communication of weak electric fish. It is a novel meta-heuristic algorithm that attracts researchers because it has few tunable parameters, high robustness, and strong global search capabilities. Nevertheless, when operating in complex environments, the EFO algorithm encounters several challenges including premature convergence, susceptibility to local optima, and issues related to passive electric field localization stagnation. To address these challenges, this study introduces Adaptive Electric Fish Optimization Algorithm Based on Standstill Label and Level Flight (SLLF-EFO). This hybrid approach incorporates the Golden Sine Algorithm and good point set theory to augment the EFO algorithm\u2019s capabilities, employs a variable-step-size Levy flight strategy to efficiently address passive electric field localization stagnation problems, and utilizes a standstill label strategy to mitigate the algorithm\u2019s tendency to fall into local optima during the iterative process. By leveraging multiple solutions to optimize the EFO algorithm, this framework enhances its adaptability in complex environments. Experimental results from benchmark functions reveal that the proposed SLLF-EFO algorithm exhibits improved performance in complex settings, demonstrating enhanced search speed and optimization accuracy. This comprehensive optimization not only enhances the robustness and reliability of the EFO algorithm but also provides valuable insights for its future applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biomimetics9110677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T06:27:39Z","timestamp":1730874459000},"page":"677","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Improvement of Electric Fish Optimization Algorithm for Standstill Label Combined with Levy Flight Strategy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Wangzhou","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic and Science Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic and Science Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiegang","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic and Science Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Darvishpoor, S., Darvishpour, A., Escarcega, M., and Hassanalian, M. 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