{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T04:18:02Z","timestamp":1779164282652,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,2]],"date-time":"2020-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parmigiano Reggiano cheese is one of the most appreciated Italian foods on account of its high nutrient content and taste. Due to its high cost, these characteristics make this product subject to counterfeiting in different forms. In this study, an approach based on an array of gas sensors has been employed to assess if it was possible to distinguish different samples based on their aroma. Samples were characterized in terms of rind percentage, seasoning, and rind working process. From the responses of the sensors, five features were extracted and the capability of these parameters to recognize target classes was tested with statistical analysis. Hence, the performance of the sensors\u2019 array was quantified using artificial neural networks. To simplify the problem, a hierarchical approach has been used: three steps of classification were performed, and in each step one parameter of the grated cheese was identified (firstly, seasoning; secondly, rind working process; finally, rind percentage). The accuracies ranged from 88.24% to 100%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios10050047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T03:29:39Z","timestamp":1588562979000},"page":"47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["An Array of MOX Sensors and ANNs to Assess Grated Parmigiano Reggiano Cheese Packs\u2019 Compliance with CFPR Guidelines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5550-3401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Abbatangelo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, BS, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4621-0658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Estefan\u00eda","family":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Carmona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNR-IBBR, Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources, via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5991-9391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Sberveglieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNR-IBBR, Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources, via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy"},{"name":"NANO SENSOR SYSTEMS, NASYS Spin-Off University of Brescia, Brescia, via Camillo Brozzoni, 9, 25125 Brescia, BS, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9838-7511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dario","family":"Zappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, BS, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2559-5197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Comini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, BS, Italy"},{"name":"NANO SENSOR SYSTEMS, NASYS Spin-Off University of Brescia, Brescia, via Camillo Brozzoni, 9, 25125 Brescia, BS, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Sberveglieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, BS, Italy"},{"name":"NANO SENSOR SYSTEMS, NASYS Spin-Off University of Brescia, Brescia, via Camillo Brozzoni, 9, 25125 Brescia, BS, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mancini, M.C., Menozzi, D., Donati, M., Biasini, B., Veneziani, M., and Arfini, F. 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