{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:45:18Z","timestamp":1760233518638,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]],"date-time":"2021-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Canada Research Chair in Quantum Semiconductors Program (JJD, Grant Canada Research Chair Grant No 950-220304; Discovery Grant RGPIN-2015-04448; Strategic Partnership Grant SPG-2016-494057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Canada Research Chair in Quantum Semiconductors Program (JJD, Grant Canada Research Chair Grant No 950-220304; Discovery Grant RGPIN-2015-04448; Strategic Partnership Grant SPG-2016-494057"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The detection of water contamination with Legionella pneumophila is of critical importance to manufacturers of water processing equipment and public health entities dealing with water networks and distribution systems. Detection methods based on polymerase chain reaction or biosensor technologies require preconcentration steps to achieve attractive sensitivity levels. Preconcentration must also be included in protocols of automated collection of water samples by systems designed for quasi-continuous monitoring of remotely located water reservoirs for the presence of L. pneumophila. We designed and characterized a water sampling module for filtration and backwashing intended for analysis of low-to-medium contaminated water, typically with L. pneumophila bacteria not exceeding 50 colony-forming units per milliliter. The concentration factors of 10\u00d7 and 21\u00d7 were achieved with 0.22 and 0.45 \u00b5m filters, respectively, for samples of bacteria prepared in clean saline solutions. However, a 5\u00d7 concentration factor was achieved with 0.45 \u00b5m filters for a heavily contaminated or turbid water typical of some industrial water samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios11020034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]],"date-time":"2021-01-27T12:20:26Z","timestamp":1611750026000},"page":"34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Water Sampling Module for Collecting and Concentrating Legionella pneumophila from Low-to-Medium Contaminated Environment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Khalid","family":"Moumanis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Quantum Semiconductors and Photon-Based BioNanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Institute for Technological Innovation (3IT), CNRS UMI-3463, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, 3000 boul. de l\u2019Universit\u00e9, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 0A5, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l\u2019Universit\u00e9, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lilian","family":"Sirbu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Quantum Semiconductors and Photon-Based BioNanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Institute for Technological Innovation (3IT), CNRS UMI-3463, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, 3000 boul. de l\u2019Universit\u00e9, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 0A5, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l\u2019Universit\u00e9, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walid Mohamed","family":"Hassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Quantum Semiconductors and Photon-Based BioNanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Institute for Technological Innovation (3IT), CNRS UMI-3463, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, 3000 boul. de l\u2019Universit\u00e9, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 0A5, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l\u2019Universit\u00e9, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Frost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Quantum Semiconductors and Photon-Based BioNanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Institute for Technological Innovation (3IT), CNRS UMI-3463, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, 3000 boul. de l\u2019Universit\u00e9, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 0A5, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Infectiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, QC J1K 0A5, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3141-8050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lydston Rodrigues de","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Produits Chimiques Magnus Limit\u00e9e, 1271, rue Amp\u00e8re, Boucherville, QC J4B 5Z5, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Hiernaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Produits Chimiques Magnus Limit\u00e9e, 1271, rue Amp\u00e8re, Boucherville, QC J4B 5Z5, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0022-527X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan Jerzy","family":"Dubowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Quantum Semiconductors and Photon-Based BioNanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Institute for Technological Innovation (3IT), CNRS UMI-3463, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, 3000 boul. de l\u2019Universit\u00e9, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 0A5, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l\u2019Universit\u00e9, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02399-06","article-title":"Integrated real-time PCR for detection and monitoring of Legionella pneumophila in water systems","volume":"73","author":"Yaradou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. 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