{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:49:14Z","timestamp":1760233754973,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]],"date-time":"2021-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"KAKEN","award":["JP19K09658 and JP18KK0104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP19K09658 and JP18KK0104"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we combined quantitative ultrashort echo time (UTE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and an investigation by a probing device with tri-axial force sensor to seek correlations with mechanical properties of human patellar cartilage for in situ evaluation of biomechanical properties. Cartilage blocks (15 \u00d7 20 \u00d7 5 mm3) were dissected from the patella of six donors; 5 mm square regions of interest from the cartilage blocks were imaged using UTE-MR imaging sequences (T2* and magnetization transfer ratio (MTR)), and mechanical properties were measured using a micro indentation device. Then, the vertical reaction force on the cartilage surface was measured while push-probing forward 3 mm with the probing device at a 30\u00b0 tilt to the horizontal plane. The results showed a positive correlation between stiffness\/elastic modulus and each predictor variable (UTE-T2* (r = 0.240 and 0.255, respectively, UTE-MTR (r = 0.378 and 0.379, respectively), and probing device force (r = 0.426 and 0.423, respectively). Furthermore, multiple linear regression analysis showed the combination of the three predictors had stronger correlation (adjusted r2 = 0.314 (stiffness), 0.323 (elastic), respectively). Our results demonstrate the potential for these non- and less- invasive methods for in situ evaluation of the mechanical properties of cartilage tissue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios11020052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]],"date-time":"2021-02-17T21:35:42Z","timestamp":1613597742000},"page":"52","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A Useful Combination of Quantitative Ultrashort Echo Time MR Imaging and a Probing Device for Biomechanical Evaluation of Articular Cartilage"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6092-2910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takehito","family":"Hananouchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Sangyo University, Daito Osaka 574-8530, Japan"},{"name":"Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education at Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanjun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Jerban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaru","family":"Teramoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yajun","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erik W.","family":"Dorthe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education at Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3633-5630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric Y.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA"},{"name":"Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darryl D.","family":"D\u2019Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education at Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/1350-4533(95)97322-G","article-title":"Indentation instrument for the measurement of cartilage stiffness under arthroscopic control","volume":"17","author":"Lyyra","year":"1995","journal-title":"Med. 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