{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T07:49:17Z","timestamp":1769759357739,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]],"date-time":"2021-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Telemedicine (TM) can revolutionize the impact of diabetic wound care management, along with tools for remote patient monitoring (RPM). There are no low-cost mobile RPM devices for TM technology to provide comprehensive (visual and physiological) clinical assessments. Here, a novel low-cost smartphone-based optical imaging device has been developed to provide physiological measurements of tissues in terms of hemoglobin concentration maps. The device (SmartPhone Oxygenation Tool\u2014SPOT) constitutes an add-on optical module, a smartphone, and a custom app to automate data acquisition while syncing a multi-wavelength near-infrared light-emitting diode (LED) light source (690, 810, 830 nm). The optimal imaging conditions of the SPOT device were determined from signal-to-noise maps. A standard vascular occlusion test was performed in three control subjects to observe changes in hemoglobin concentration maps between rest, occlusion, and release time points on the dorsal of the hand. Hemoglobin concentration maps were compared with and without applying an image de-noising algorithm, single value decomposition. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the hemoglobin concentrations changed significantly across the three-time stamps. Ongoing efforts are in imaging diabetic foot ulcers using the SPOT device to assess its potential as a smart health device for physiological monitoring of wounds remotely.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios11060165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]],"date-time":"2021-05-21T13:15:15Z","timestamp":1621602915000},"page":"165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Development of a Smartphone-Based Optical Device to Measure Hemoglobin Concentration Changes for Remote Monitoring of Wounds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Kacie","family":"Kaile","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Optical Imaging Laboratory, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optical Imaging Laboratory, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6094-5909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anuradha","family":"Godavarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optical Imaging Laboratory, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-481X.2007.00378.x","article-title":"What are the most effective interventions in preventing diabetic foot ulcers?","volume":"5","author":"Lavery","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. 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