{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T01:26:22Z","timestamp":1782437182190,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]],"date-time":"2021-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 51762012, 81860373, 82060386, 51862006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 51762012, 81860373, 82060386, 51862006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Finance Science and Technology Project of Hainan Province","award":["No. ZDYF2018106, ZDYF2019161, 2019RC114 and 2019RC221"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. ZDYF2018106, ZDYF2019161, 2019RC114 and 2019RC221"]}]},{"name":"CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (No. 2019-I2M-5-023), Key Laboratory Open Project Fund of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education","award":["No. KLET-202008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. KLET-202008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Owing to the lack of specific diagnostic methods, Scrub typhus can sometimes be difficult to diagnose in the Asia-Pacific region. Therefore, an efficient and rapid detection method urgently needs to be developed. Based on competitive single-stranded DNA over modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE), an electrochemical biosensor was established to detect the disease. The nano-flower NiFe layered double hydroxide (NiFe-LDH) modified GCE has a large specific surface area, which supported a large amount of gold nanoparticles, so that a wide linear detection range from 25 fM to 0.5 \u03bcM was obtained. The beacon DNA (B-DNA) with the same sequence as the Scrub typhus DNA (T-DNA), but labeled with methylene blue, was used to construct a competitive relationship. When T-DNA and B-DNA were present on the sensor simultaneously, they would hybridize with probe DNA in a strong competition, and the corresponding electrochemical response signal would be generated via testing. It contributed to reducing tedious experimental procedures and excessive response time, and achieved fast electrochemical detection of DNA. The strategy provides a worthy avenue and possesses promising applications in disease diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios11070207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]],"date-time":"2021-06-24T04:24:36Z","timestamp":1624508676000},"page":"207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Highly Accurate and Fast Electrochemical Detection of Scrub Typhus DNA via a Nanoflower NiFe-Based Biosensor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Fengzhen","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab High Efficiency Utilizat Coal & Gre, Natl Demonstrat Ctr Expt Chem Educ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Child Cognition & Behavior Development of Hainan Province, Qiongtai Normal University, Haikou 571127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinchun","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonell, A., Lubell, Y., Newton, P.N., Crump, J.A., and Paris, D.H. (2017). Estimating the burden of scrub typhus: A systematic review. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005838"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02242.x","article-title":"Assessment of a quantitative multiplex 5\u2019 nuclease real-time PCR for spotted fever and typhus group rickettsioses and Orientia tsutsugamushi","volume":"15","author":"Prakash","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.040","article-title":"Simple, rapid and sensitive detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi by loop-isothermal DNA amplification","volume":"102","author":"Paris","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2076","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.58.7.2076-2084.1990","article-title":"The 56-kilodalton major protein antigen of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi: Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the sta56 gene and precise identification of a strain-specific epitope","volume":"58","author":"Stover","year":"1990","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8524","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5b02167","article-title":"Non-Redox Modulated Fluorescence Strategy for Sensitive and Selective Ascorbic Acid Detection with Highly Photoluminescent Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanoparticles via Solid-State Synthesis","volume":"87","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6153","DOI":"10.1021\/ac501375s","article-title":"DNA Assembled Gold Nanoparticles Polymeric Network Blocks Modular Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Biosensors for Protein Kinase Activity Analysis and Inhibition","volume":"86","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2016.03.037","article-title":"Label- and amplification-free electrochemical detection of bacterial ribosomal RNA","volume":"81","author":"Henihan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1039\/C5AN02483H","article-title":"A unique dual recognition hairpin probe mediated fluorescence amplification method for sensitive detection of uracil-DNA glycosylase and endonuclease IV activities","volume":"141","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2019.02.117","article-title":"Free-label dual-signal responsive optical sensor by combining resonance Rayleigh scattering and colorimetry for sensitive detection of glutathione based on ultrathin MnO2 nanoflakes","volume":"288","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2018.04.133","article-title":"Sequence-specific electrochemical detection of enzymatic amplification products of Salmonella genome on ITO electrodes improves pathogen detection to the single copy level","volume":"268","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2020.112100","article-title":"Surpassing the detection limit and accuracy of the electrochemical DNA sensor through the application of CRISPR Cas systems","volume":"155","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5489","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.0c00797","article-title":"Electrochemical Polymerase Chain Reaction Using Electroactive Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles as Detection Labels","volume":"3","author":"Ang","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioelechem.2021.107796","article-title":"Zr4+-mediated hybrid chain reaction and its application for highly sensitive electrochemical detection of protein kinase A","volume":"140","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioelectrochemistry"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"112827","article-title":"Versatile electrochemical biosensor based on bi-enzyme cascade biocatalysis spatially regulated by DNA architecture","volume":"174","author":"Yy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelechem.2015.08.026","article-title":"An electrochemical biosensor for highly sensitive determination of microRNA based on enzymatic and molecular beacon mediated strand displacement amplification","volume":"756","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Electroanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2017.08.036","article-title":"Recent advances in signal amplification strategy based on oligonucleotide and nanomaterials for microRNA detection-a review","volume":"99","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2769","DOI":"10.1002\/elan.201000362","article-title":"Sequence Specific Electrochemical DNA Detection Based on Solution-Phase Competitive Hybridization","volume":"22","author":"Luo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Electroanalysis"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2018.08.002","article-title":"Competitive electrochemical platform for ultrasensitive cytosensing of liver cancer cells by using nanotetrahedra structure with rolling circle amplification","volume":"120","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.10.075","article-title":"Highly sensitive detection of triazophos pesticide using a novel bio-bar-code amplification competitive immunoassay in a micro well plate-based platform","volume":"256","author":"Du","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2015.06.038","article-title":"Compaction and decompaction of DNA dominated by the competition between counterions and DNA associating with cationic aggregates","volume":"134","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1021\/bi500741d","article-title":"Structure of Bacterial Regulatory RNAs Determines Their Performance in Competition for the Chaperone Protein Hfq","volume":"54","author":"Olejniczak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2010.12.036","article-title":"An electrochemical competitive biosensor for ochratoxin A based on a DNA biotinylated aptamer","volume":"26","author":"Bonel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10962","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TA00807A","article-title":"Achieving gradient-pore-oriented graphite felt for vanadium redox flow batteries: Meeting improved electrochemical activity and enhanced mass transport from nano- to micro-scale","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2017.01.010","article-title":"Nitrogen doped NiFe layered double hydroxide\/reduced graphene oxide mesoporous nanosphere as an effective bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions","volume":"205","author":"Zhan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2019.11.108","article-title":"Thin porous nanosheets of NiFe layered-double hydroxides toward a highly efficient electrocatalyst for water oxidation","volume":"45","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201710877","article-title":"Hierarchical Hollow Nanoprisms Based on Ultrathin Ni-Fe Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets with Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity towards Oxygen Evolution","volume":"57","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2014.07.048","article-title":"The peroxidase\/catalase-like activities of MFe2O4 (M=Mg, Ni, Cu) MNPs and their application in colorimetric biosensing of glucose","volume":"63","author":"Su","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.09.074","article-title":"NiFe layered double hydroxide nanosheets as an efficiently mimic enzyme for colorimetric determination of glucose and H2O2","volume":"255","author":"Zhan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4524","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-018-2033-9","article-title":"Layered double hydroxides with atomic-scale defects for superior electrocatalysis","volume":"11","author":"Xie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nano Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6400","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CC02872A","article-title":"Ir4+-Doped NiFe LDH to expedite hydrogen evolution kinetics as a Pt-like electrocatalyst for water splitting","volume":"54","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2019.11.038","article-title":"Polyoxometalate intercalated NiFe layered double hydroxides for advanced water oxidation","volume":"45","author":"Xue","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502585","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201502585","article-title":"Ni3FeN Nanoparticles Derived from Ultrathin NiFe-Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets: An Efficient Overall Water Splitting Electrocatalyst","volume":"6","author":"Jia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2018.12.207","article-title":"Au nanoparticles decorated on activated coke via a facile preparation for efficient catalytic reduction of nitrophenols and azo dyes","volume":"473","author":"Fu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1039\/C4TA04724A","article-title":"One-step synthesis of Pt\u2013NiO nanoplate array\/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites for nonenzymatic glucose sensing","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5807","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201302685","article-title":"Defect-Rich MoS2 Ultrathin Nanosheets with Additional Active Edge Sites for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution","volume":"25","author":"Xie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1039\/C1SC00117E","article-title":"Amorphous molybdenum sulfide films as catalysts for electrochemical hydrogen production in water","volume":"2","author":"Merki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."}],"container-title":["Biosensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6374\/11\/7\/207\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:22:34Z","timestamp":1760163754000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6374\/11\/7\/207"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["bios11070207"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bios11070207","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-6374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-6374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]]}}}