{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T14:47:29Z","timestamp":1769525249796,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The availability of antigen tests for SARS-CoV-2 represents a major step for the mass surveillance of the incidence of infection, especially regarding COVID-19 asymptomatic and\/or early-stage patients. Recently, we reported the development of a Bioelectric Recognition Assay-based biosensor able to detect the SARS-CoV-2 S1 spike protein expressed on the surface of the virus in just three minutes, with high sensitivity and selectivity. The working principle was established by measuring the change of the electric potential of membrane-engineered mammalian cells bearing the human chimeric spike S1 antibody after attachment of the respective viral protein. In the present study, we applied the novel biosensor to patient-derived nasopharyngeal samples in a clinical set-up, with absolutely no sample pretreatment. More importantly, membrane-engineered cells were pre-immobilized in a proprietary biomatrix, thus enabling their long-term preservation prior to use as well as significantly increasing their ease-of-handle as test consumables. The plug-and-apply novel biosensor was able to detect the virus in positive samples with a 92.8% success rate compared to RT-PCR. No false negative results were recorded. These findings demonstrate the potential applicability of the biosensor for the early, routine mass screening of SARS-CoV-2 on a scale not yet realized.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios11070224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T11:36:44Z","timestamp":1625571404000},"page":"224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Clinical Application of the Novel Cell-Based Biosensor for the Ultra-Rapid Detection of the SARS-CoV-2 S1 Spike Protein Antigen: A Practical Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6565-3473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Mavrikou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cell Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, EU-CONEXUS European University, 11855 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0766-8383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasileios","family":"Tsekouras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cell Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, EU-CONEXUS European University, 11855 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1469-1928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyriaki","family":"Hatziagapiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, \u201cAghia Sophia\u201d Children\u2019s Hospital, Thivon 1, 11527 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Physiotherapy Department and Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Care Sciences, State University of West Attica, Agiou Spiridonos 28, 12243 Egaleo, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Foteini","family":"Paradeisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cell Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, EU-CONEXUS European University, 11855 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petros","family":"Bakakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First University Department of Respiratory Medicine, \u201cSotiria\u201d Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 152 Mesogeion Ave, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1745-1118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athanasios","family":"Michos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, \u201cAghia Sophia\u201d Children\u2019s Hospital, Thivon 1, 11527 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Sophia\u201d Children\u2019s Hospital, Thivon 1, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Koniari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, \u201cAghia Sophia\u201d Children\u2019s Hospital, Thivon & Livadias 8 str, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7325-6195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth-Barbara","family":"Tatsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, \u201cAghia Sophia\u201d Children\u2019s Hospital, Thivon & Livadias 8 str, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9188-243X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Papaparaskevas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Iliopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Operations Center, National Public Health Organization (NPHO), Agrafon 3-5, 15123 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3098-5264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George P.","family":"Chrousos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian 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