{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T13:47:07Z","timestamp":1784555227674,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21475088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21475088"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Long-term exposure to nicotine causes a variety of human diseases, such as lung damage\/adenocarcinoma, nausea and vomiting, headache, incontinence and heart failure. In this work, as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate, zinc oxide (ZnO) tips decorated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are fabricated and designated as ZnO\/Au. Taking advantage of the synergistic effect of a ZnO semiconductor with morphology of tips and AuNPs, the ZnO\/Au-based SERS assay for nicotine demonstrates high sensitivity and the limit of detection 8.9 \u00d7 10\u221212 mol\/L is reached, as well as the corresponding linear dynamic detection range of 10\u221210\u201310\u22126 mol\/L. Additionally, the signal reproducibility offered by the SERS substrate could realize the reliable determination of trace nicotine in saliva.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios11110465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T08:29:17Z","timestamp":1637310557000},"page":"465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["ZnO Tips Dotted with Au Nanoparticles\u2014Advanced SERS Determination of Trace Nicotine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jiaying","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanxin","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3017-4215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haifeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1365\/s10337-005-0567-y","article-title":"Determination of Nicotine-Related Alkaloids in Tobacco and Cigarette Smoke by GC-FID","volume":"62","author":"Sheng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chromatographia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650903252186","article-title":"Nicotinic plant poisoning","volume":"47","author":"Schep","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. 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