{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T08:11:49Z","timestamp":1768464709988,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie","award":["711859"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["711859"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We demonstrate detection and quantification of bacterial load with a novel microfluidic one-pot wash-free fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay in droplets. The method offers minimal manual workload by only requiring mixing of the sample with reagents and loading it into a microfluidic cartridge. By centrifugal microfluidic step emulsification, our method partitioned the sample into 210 pL (73 \u00b5m in diameter) droplets for bacterial encapsulation followed by in situ permeabilization, hybridization, and signal detection. Employing locked nucleic acid (LNA)\/DNA molecular beacons (LNA\/DNA MBs) and NaCl-urea based hybridization buffer, the assay was characterized with Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Proteus mirabilis. The assay performed with single-cell sensitivity, a 4-log dynamic range from a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) at ~3 \u00d7 103 bacteria\/mL to an upper limit of quantification (ULOQ) at ~3 \u00d7 107 bacteria\/mL, anda linearity R2 = 0.976. The total time-to-results for detection and quantification was around 1.5 hours.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios12040237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T21:15:35Z","timestamp":1649798135000},"page":"237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Microfluidic One-Pot Digital Droplet FISH Using LNA\/DNA Molecular Beacons for Bacteria Detection and Absolute Quantification"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4671-7907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Ting","family":"Kao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44\/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Calabrese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1258-3250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadine","family":"Borst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Lehnert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1037-9846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Kai","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44\/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2082-1677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franziska","family":"Schlenker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Juelg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Zengerle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9101-7163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Garstecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44\/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8547-0495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"von Stetten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1086\/647952","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility testing: A review of general principles and contemporary practices","volume":"49","author":"Jorgensen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. 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