{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T20:08:57Z","timestamp":1790453337111,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2018M3C1B7020722"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2018M3C1B7020722"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2021R1A2C2004760"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2021R1A2C2004760"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HU21C0053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HU21C0053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2018M3C1B7020722"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2018M3C1B7020722"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2021R1A2C2004760"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2021R1A2C2004760"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HU21C0053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HU21C0053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>For decades, acetylcholine (Ach) has been considered a critical biomarker for several degenerative brain diseases, including Alzheimer\u2019s, Parkinson\u2019s disease, Huntington\u2019s disease, and schizophrenia. Here, we propose a wafer-scale fabrication of polyaniline (PAni)-grafted graphene-based field-effect transistors (PGFET) and their biosensing applications for highly sensitive and reliable real-time monitoring of Ach in flow configuration. The grafted PAni provides suitable electrostatic binding sites for enzyme immobilization and enhances the pH sensitivity (2.68%\/pH), compared to that of bare graphene-FET (1.81%\/pH) for a pH range of 3\u20139 without any pH-hysteresis. We further evaluated the PGFET\u2019s sensing performance for Ach detection with a limit of detection at the nanomolar level and significantly improved sensitivity (~103%) in the concentration range of 108 nM to 2 mM. Moreover, the PGFET exhibits excellent selectivity against various interferences, including glucose, ascorbic acid, and neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin. Finally, we investigated the effects of an inhibitor (rivastigmine) on the AchE activity of the PGFET. From the results, we demonstrated that the PGFET has great potential as a real-time drug-screening platform by monitoring the inhibitory effects on enzymatic activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios12050279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T13:40:57Z","timestamp":1651066857000},"page":"279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Scalable Functionalization of Polyaniline-Grafted rGO Field-Effect Transistors for a Highly Sensitive Enzymatic Acetylcholine Biosensor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Dongsung","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongtak","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7070-4204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hye Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Process (ICP), Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dae Sung","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3590-2074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyo Seon","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.08.036","article-title":"Acetylcholine as a neuromodulator: Cholinergic signaling shapes nervous system function and behavior","volume":"76","author":"Picciotto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-811X-7-20","article-title":"Cholinergic receptor pathways involved in apoptosis, cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation","volume":"7","author":"Resende","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Commun. 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