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Herein, a gold-coated reflection-type fiber optic\u2013-surface plasmon resonance (Au-coated FO-SPR) sensor is manufactured and functionalized with (i) bovine serum albumin (BSA), (ii) chitosan, and (iii) polyaniline (PANI), respectively, for the sensitive detection of cadmium ions (Cd2+) in water. Then, the three sensor functionalization strategies are evaluated and compared one at a time. Out of these strategies, the BSA-functionalized FO-SPR sensor is found to be highly sensitive, exhibiting a limit of detection (LOD) for Cd2+ detection at nM level. Moreover, the presence of Cd2+ on the FO-SPR sensor surface was confirmed by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique and also quantified consecutively for all the above-mentioned functionalization strategies. Hence, the BSA-functionalized FO-SPR sensor is sensitive, provides a rapid detection time, and is cheap and portable, with potential applicability for monitoring trace-level amounts of Cd within environmental or potable water.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios12080573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T21:11:05Z","timestamp":1658956265000},"page":"573","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Cadmium Ions\u2019 Trace-Level Detection Using a Portable Fiber Optic\u2014Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7095-6193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bianca-Georgiana","family":"\u015eolomonea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), Atomi\u015ftilor Street 409, 077125 M\u0103gurele, Ilfov, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Physics, Research and Development Center for Materials and Electronic & Optoelectronic Devices (MDEO), University of Bucharest, Atomi\u015ftilor Street 405, 077125 M\u0103gurele, Ilfov, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6789-2515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiza-Izabela","family":"Jinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), Atomi\u015ftilor Street 409, 077125 M\u0103gurele, Ilfov, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2298-0719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vlad-Andrei","family":"Antohe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physics, Research and Development Center for Materials and Electronic & Optoelectronic Devices (MDEO), University of Bucharest, Atomi\u015ftilor Street 405, 077125 M\u0103gurele, Ilfov, Romania"},{"name":"Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Place Croix du Sud 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1992-7346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Socol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), Atomi\u015ftilor Street 409, 077125 M\u0103gurele, Ilfov, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3455-5816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iulia","family":"Antohe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), Atomi\u015ftilor Street 409, 077125 M\u0103gurele, Ilfov, Romania"},{"name":"Academy of Romanian Scientists (AOSR), Splaiul Independen\u0163ei 54, 050094 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e04691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04691","article-title":"Heavy metal pollution in the environment and their toxicological effects on humans","volume":"6","author":"Briffa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2014.02.001","article-title":"Cadmium (II) ion sensing through p-tert-butyl calix[6]arene based potentiometric sensor","volume":"195","author":"Gupta","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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