{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T23:54:28Z","timestamp":1787961268272,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]],"date-time":"2022-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Reliable vital sign assessments are crucial for the management of patients with infectious diseases. Wearable devices enable easy and comfortable continuous monitoring across settings, especially in pediatric patients, but information about their performance in acutely unwell children is scarce. Vital signs were continuously measured with a multi-sensor wearable device (Everion\u00ae, Biofourmis, Zurich, Switzerland) in 21 pediatric patients during their hospitalization for appendicitis, osteomyelitis, or septic arthritis to describe acceptance and feasibility and to compare validity and reliability with conventional measurements. Using a wearable device was highly accepted and feasible for health-care workers, parents, and children. There were substantial data gaps in continuous monitoring up to 24 h. The wearable device measured heart rate and oxygen saturation reliably (mean difference, 2.5 bpm and 0.4% SpO2) but underestimated body temperature by 1.7 \u00b0C. Data availability was suboptimal during the study period, but a good relationship was determined between wearable device and conventional measurements for heart rate and oxygen saturation. Acceptance and feasibility were high in all study groups. We recommend that wearable devices designed for medical use in children be validated in the targeted population to assure future high-quality continuous vital sign assessments in an easy and non-burdening way.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios12080634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,14]],"date-time":"2022-08-14T21:09:06Z","timestamp":1660511346000},"page":"634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Wearable Technologies for Pediatric Patients with Surgical Infections\u2014More than Counting Steps?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ines","family":"Mack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Basel Children\u2019s Hospital, 4056 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8518-7211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norman","family":"Juchler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computational Life Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8820 W\u00e4denswil, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Rey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computational Life Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8820 W\u00e4denswil, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5678-4110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sven","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computational Life Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8820 W\u00e4denswil, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca","family":"Hoelz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CMIO Research Group, D&ICT Department, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Eckstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CMIO Research Group, D&ICT Department, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Bielicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Basel Children\u2019s Hospital, 4056 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, June 14). Our World in Data. Available online: https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/childhood-deaths-from-the-five-most-lethal-infectious-diseases-worldwide?country=~OWID_WRL."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2017.09.018","article-title":"Make Vital Signs Great Again\u2014A Call for Action","volume":"45","author":"Kellett","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0b013e32835e8fe6","article-title":"Predictive Monitoring for Early Detection of Sepsis in Neonatal ICU Patients","volume":"25","author":"Fairchild","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Castilho, F.M., Luiz, A., Ribeiro, P., Luiz, J., da Silva, P., Nobre, V., and de Sousa, M.R. (2017). Heart Rate Variability as Predictor of Mortality in Sepsis: A Prospective Cohort Study. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180060"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000064904.05313.D2","article-title":"Abnormal Heart Rate Characteristics Preceding Neonatal Sepsis and Sepsis-Like Illness","volume":"53","author":"Griffin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bravi, A., Green, G., Longtin, A., and Seely, A.J.E. (2012). Monitoring and Identification of Sepsis Development through a Composite Measure of Heart Rate Variability. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045666"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmad, S., Ramsay, T., Huebsch, L., Flanagan, S., Mcdiarmid, S., Batkin, I., Mcintyre, L., Sundaresan, S.R., Maziak, D.E., and Shamji, F.M. (2009). Continuous Multi-Parameter Heart Rate Variability Analysis Heralds Onset of Sepsis in Adults. PLoS ONE, 4.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006642"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-020-00640-6","article-title":"Pre-Symptomatic Detection of COVID-19 from Smartwatch Data","volume":"4","author":"Mishra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-020-00363-7","article-title":"Assessment of Physiological Signs Associated with COVID-19 Measured Using Wearable Devices","volume":"3","author":"Natarajan","year":"2020","journal-title":"NPJ Digit. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-1123-x","article-title":"Wearable Sensor Data and Self-Reported Symptoms for COVID-19 Detection","volume":"27","author":"Quer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1080\/17434440.2021.2019014","article-title":"Continuous Monitoring of Vital Signs with the Everion Biosensor on the Surgical Ward: A Clinical Validation Study","volume":"18","author":"Haveman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Med. Devices"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27723","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.27723","article-title":"Feasibility of Continuous Temperature Monitoring in Pediatric Immunocompromised Patients: A Pilot Study","volume":"66","author":"Sampson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr. Blood Cancer"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20172","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-017-0002-4","article-title":"Impact of Remote Patient Monitoring on Clinical Outcomes: An Updated Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"1","author":"Noah","year":"2018","journal-title":"NPJ Digit. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2750","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2015.2422751","article-title":"From Wearable Sensors to Smart Implants\u2014Toward Pervasive and Personalized Healthcare","volume":"62","author":"Leff","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"(2022, June 29). Biofourmis AG Everion Device. Available online: https:\/\/support.biofourmis.com\/hc\/en-us\/categories\/201377109-Everion-Device-."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208","article-title":"The REDCap Consortium: Building an International Community of Software Platform Partners","volume":"95","author":"Harris","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Inform."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.14326\/abe.7.88","article-title":"Current Development in Wearable Thermometers","volume":"7","author":"Tamura","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7208","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.7208","article-title":"Continuous Monitoring of Vital Signs Using Wearable Devices on the General Ward: Pilot Study","volume":"5","author":"Weenk","year":"2017","journal-title":"JMIR mHealth uHealth"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"195","article-title":"A Review on Wearable Photoplethysmography Sensors and Their Potential Future Applications in Health Care","volume":"4","author":"Castaneda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2016.04.016","article-title":"Core and Local Skin Temperature: 3\u201324 Months Old Toddlers and Comparison to Adults","volume":"104","author":"Dabnichki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876672","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.876672","article-title":"Sense and Learn: Recent Advances in Wearable Sensing and Machine Learning for Blood Glucose Monitoring and Trend-Detection","volume":"10","author":"Alhaddad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4653923","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4653923","article-title":"Machine Learning for Healthcare Wearable Devices: The Big Picture","volume":"2022","author":"Sabry","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Healthc. Eng."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6656204","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6656204","article-title":"Research on Data Security and Privacy Protection of Wearable Equipment in Healthcare","volume":"2021","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Healthc. Eng."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19542","DOI":"10.2196\/19542","article-title":"Opportunities and Challenges Surrounding the Use of Data from Wearable Sensor Devices in Health Care: Qualitative Interview Study","volume":"22","author":"Azodo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.2130","article-title":"Mobile Health (MHealth) Approaches and Lessons for Increased Performance and Retention of Community Health Workers in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Review","volume":"15","author":"Tibenderana","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."}],"container-title":["Biosensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6374\/12\/8\/634\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:07:57Z","timestamp":1760141277000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6374\/12\/8\/634"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["bios12080634"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bios12080634","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-6374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-6374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]]}}}