{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T15:25:38Z","timestamp":1767972338329,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CAPES-EPIDEMIAS (Emergency Strategic Program for the Prevention and Combat of Outbreaks, Endemics, Epidemics and Pandemics) Project","award":["88881.505280\/2020-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88881.505280\/2020-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The development of immunosensors to detect antibodies or antigens has stood out in the face of traditional methods for diagnosing emerging diseases such as the one caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The present study reports the construction of a simplified electrochemical immunosensor using a graphene-binding peptide applied as a recognition site to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. A screen-printed electrode was used for sensor preparation by adding a solution of peptide and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The peptide-rGO suspension was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The electrochemical characterization (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy\u2014EIS, cyclic voltammetry\u2014CV and differential pulse voltammetry\u2014DPV) was performed on the modified electrode. The immunosensor response is based on the decrease in the faradaic signal of an electrochemical probe resulting from immunocomplex formation. Using the best set of experimental conditions, the analytic curve obtained showed a good linear regression (r2 = 0.913) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.77 \u03bcg mL\u22121 for antibody detection. The CV and EIS results proved the efficiency of device assembly. The high selectivity of the platform, which can be attributed to the peptide, was demonstrated by the decrease in the current percentage for samples with antibody against the SARS-CoV-2 S protein and the increase in the other antibodies tested. Additionally, the DPV measurements showed a clearly distinguishable response in assays against human serum samples, with sera with a response above 95% being considered negative, whereas responses below this value were considered positive. The diagnostic platform developed with specific peptides is promising and has the potential for application in the diagnosis of other infections that lead to high antibody titers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios12100885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T21:11:51Z","timestamp":1666041111000},"page":"885","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Graphene-Binding Peptide in Fusion with SARS-CoV-2 Antigen for Electrochemical Immunosensor Construction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Beatriz A.","family":"Braz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paran\u00e1 (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Electrochemical Sensors (LabSensE), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paran\u00e1 (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4775-9415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Hospinal-Santiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paran\u00e1 (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5090-4014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Electrochemical Sensors (LabSensE), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paran\u00e1 (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristian S.","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Chemistry Group (GQM), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paran\u00e1 (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aldo J. G.","family":"Zarbin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Chemistry Group (GQM), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paran\u00e1 (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Breno C. B.","family":"Beir\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Microbiology, Parasitology, and Pathology, Federal University of Paran\u00e1 (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanete","family":"Thomaz-Soccol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paran\u00e1 (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4600-2250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rcio F.","family":"Bergamini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Electrochemical Sensors (LabSensE), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paran\u00e1 (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luiz H.","family":"Marcolino-Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Electrochemical Sensors (LabSensE), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paran\u00e1 (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7630-6864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos R.","family":"Soccol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paran\u00e1 (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Khan, R., Parihar, A., Kaushik, A., and Kumar, A. 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