{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T11:00:42Z","timestamp":1787828442258,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Junta de Andaluc\u00eda, Consejer\u00eda de Salud y Familias (Spain) and EU (FEDER)","award":["PID2021-122578NB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-122578NB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de C\u00e1diz","award":["PID2021-122578NB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-122578NB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n (AEI)","award":["PID2021-122578NB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-122578NB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n of Spain and FEDER funds (EU)","award":["PID2021-122578NB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-122578NB-I00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Monitoring of lactate is spreading from the evident clinical environment, where its role as a biomarker is notorious, to the agrifood ambit as well. In the former, lactate concentration can serve as a useful indicator of several diseases (e.g., tumour development and lactic acidosis) and a relevant value in sports performance for athletes, among others. In the latter, the spotlight is placed on the food control, bringing to the table meaningful information such as decaying product detection and stress monitoring of species. No matter what purpose is involved, electrochemical (bio)sensors stand as a solid and suitable choice. However, for the time being, this statement seems to be true only for discrete measurements. The reality exposes that real and continuous lactate monitoring is still a troublesome goal. In this review, a critical overview of electrochemical lactate (bio)sensors for clinical and agrifood situations is performed. Additionally, the transduction possibilities and different sensor designs approaches are also discussed. The main aim is to reflect the current state of the art and to indicate relevant advances (and bottlenecks) to keep in mind for further development and the final achievement of this highly worthy objective.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios12110919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T12:29:45Z","timestamp":1666700985000},"page":"919","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["What Is Left for Real-Life Lactate Monitoring? Current Advances in Electrochemical Lactate (Bio)Sensors for Agrifood and Biomedical Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3124-0141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Jos\u00e9","family":"Garc\u00eda-Guzm\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Cadiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario \u2018Puerta del Mar\u2019, Universidad de Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7353-7971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso","family":"Sierra-Padilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Research on Electron Microscopy and Materials (IMEYMAT), Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), University of Cadiz, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, Pol\u00edgono del R\u00edo San Pedro S\/N, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5407-1208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda","family":"Palacios-Santander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Research on Electron Microscopy and Materials (IMEYMAT), Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), University of Cadiz, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, Pol\u00edgono del R\u00edo San Pedro S\/N, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7297-6876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Jes\u00fas","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Alba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario de Puerto Real, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen Gonz\u00e1lez","family":"Mac\u00edas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario de Puerto Real, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3559-2697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Cubillana-Aguilera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Research on Electron Microscopy and Materials (IMEYMAT), Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), University of Cadiz, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, Pol\u00edgono del R\u00edo San Pedro S\/N, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1229","article-title":"Lactate in contemporary biology: A phoenix risen","volume":"10","author":"Brooks","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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