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Rapid identification of the causing bacterial pathogen already in the early stage of bacteremia is therefore vital. Current technologies still rely on time-consuming procedures including bacterial culturing up to 72 h. Our approach is based on ultra-rapid and highly sensitive nanomechanical sensor arrays. In measurements we observe two clearly distinguishable distributions consisting of samples with bacteria and without bacteria respectively. Compressive surface stress indicates the presence of bacteria. For this proof-of-concept, we extracted total RNA from EDTA whole blood samples from patients with blood-culture-confirmed bacteremia, which is the reference standard in diagnostics. We determined the presence or absence of bacterial RNA in the sample through 16S-rRNA hybridization and species-specific probes using nanomechanical sensor arrays. Via both probes, we identified two clinically highly-relevant bacterial species i.e., Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus down to an equivalent of 20 CFU per milliliter EDTA whole blood. The dynamic range of three orders of magnitude covers most clinical cases. We correctly identified all patient samples regarding the presence or absence of bacteria. We envision our technology as an important contribution to early and sensitive sepsis diagnosis directly from blood without requirement for cultivation. This would be a game changer in diagnostics, as no commercial PCR or POCT device currently exists who can do this.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios12110994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T02:11:15Z","timestamp":1668046275000},"page":"994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Rapid Bacteria Detection from Patients\u2019 Blood Bypassing Classical Bacterial Culturing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4826-1245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Huber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Nanoscience Institute (SNI), Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0012-2564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans Peter","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Nanoscience Institute (SNI), Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Heller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Microbiology Research (Lab 315), Zentrum f\u00fcr Lehre und Forschung, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia Anna","family":"Bielicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Children\u2019s Hospital Basel (UKBB), Department of Medicine, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Gerber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Nanoscience Institute (SNI), Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6385-3412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernst","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Nanoscience Institute (SNI), Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Egli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Microbiology Research (Lab 315), Zentrum f\u00fcr Lehre und Forschung, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32989-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990\u20132017: Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"395","author":"Rudd","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1177\/2211068214567345","article-title":"Sepsis Pathogen Identification","volume":"20","author":"Chun","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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