{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T15:51:24Z","timestamp":1777564284315,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia em Bioanal\u00edtica","award":["465389\/2014-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["465389\/2014-7"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia em Bioanal\u00edtica","award":["2020\/01050-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/01050-5"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia em Bioanal\u00edtica","award":["INFRA-02021\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INFRA-02021\/21"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia em Bioanal\u00edtica","award":["INFRA-02050\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INFRA-02050\/21"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia em Bioanal\u00edtica","award":["INFRA-02203\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INFRA-02203\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia em Bioanal\u00edtica","award":["UNIVERSAL-06535\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UNIVERSAL-06535\/22"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia em Bioanal\u00edtica","award":["POS-GRAD-02432\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POS-GRAD-02432\/21"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia em Bioanal\u00edtica","award":["308204\/2018-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["308204\/2018-2"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia em Bioanal\u00edtica","award":["309828\/2020-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["309828\/2020-1"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia em Bioanal\u00edtica","award":["305806\/2020-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["305806\/2020-3"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia em Bioanal\u00edtica","award":["313324\/2021-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["313324\/2021-2"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["465389\/2014-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["465389\/2014-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020\/01050-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/01050-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INFRA-02021\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INFRA-02021\/21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INFRA-02050\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INFRA-02050\/21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INFRA-02203\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INFRA-02203\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UNIVERSAL-06535\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UNIVERSAL-06535\/22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POS-GRAD-02432\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POS-GRAD-02432\/21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["308204\/2018-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["308204\/2018-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["309828\/2020-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["309828\/2020-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["305806\/2020-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["305806\/2020-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["313324\/2021-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["313324\/2021-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"FAPEMA","award":["465389\/2014-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["465389\/2014-7"]}]},{"name":"FAPEMA","award":["2020\/01050-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/01050-5"]}]},{"name":"FAPEMA","award":["INFRA-02021\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INFRA-02021\/21"]}]},{"name":"FAPEMA","award":["INFRA-02050\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INFRA-02050\/21"]}]},{"name":"FAPEMA","award":["INFRA-02203\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INFRA-02203\/2021"]}]},{"name":"FAPEMA","award":["UNIVERSAL-06535\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UNIVERSAL-06535\/22"]}]},{"name":"FAPEMA","award":["POS-GRAD-02432\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POS-GRAD-02432\/21"]}]},{"name":"FAPEMA","award":["308204\/2018-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["308204\/2018-2"]}]},{"name":"FAPEMA","award":["309828\/2020-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["309828\/2020-1"]}]},{"name":"FAPEMA","award":["305806\/2020-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["305806\/2020-3"]}]},{"name":"FAPEMA","award":["313324\/2021-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["313324\/2021-2"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["465389\/2014-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["465389\/2014-7"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["2020\/01050-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/01050-5"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["INFRA-02021\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INFRA-02021\/21"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["INFRA-02050\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INFRA-02050\/21"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["INFRA-02203\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INFRA-02203\/2021"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["UNIVERSAL-06535\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UNIVERSAL-06535\/22"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["POS-GRAD-02432\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POS-GRAD-02432\/21"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["308204\/2018-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["308204\/2018-2"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["309828\/2020-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["309828\/2020-1"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["305806\/2020-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["305806\/2020-3"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["313324\/2021-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["313324\/2021-2"]}]},{"name":"FINEP","award":["465389\/2014-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["465389\/2014-7"]}]},{"name":"FINEP","award":["2020\/01050-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/01050-5"]}]},{"name":"FINEP","award":["INFRA-02021\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INFRA-02021\/21"]}]},{"name":"FINEP","award":["INFRA-02050\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INFRA-02050\/21"]}]},{"name":"FINEP","award":["INFRA-02203\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INFRA-02203\/2021"]}]},{"name":"FINEP","award":["UNIVERSAL-06535\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UNIVERSAL-06535\/22"]}]},{"name":"FINEP","award":["POS-GRAD-02432\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POS-GRAD-02432\/21"]}]},{"name":"FINEP","award":["308204\/2018-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["308204\/2018-2"]}]},{"name":"FINEP","award":["309828\/2020-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["309828\/2020-1"]}]},{"name":"FINEP","award":["305806\/2020-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["305806\/2020-3"]}]},{"name":"FINEP","award":["313324\/2021-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["313324\/2021-2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A sensitive and selective label-free photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunosensor was designed for the detection of cardiac troponin I (cTnI). The platform was based on a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)-coated glass photoelectrode modified with bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) and sensitized by an electrodeposited bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) film. The PEC response of the Bi2S3\/BiVO4\/FTO platform for the ascorbic acid (AA) donor molecule was approximately 1.6-fold higher than the response observed in the absence of Bi2S3. The cTnI antibodies (anti-cTnI) were immobilized on the Bi2S3\/BiVO4\/FTO platform surface to produce the anti-cTnI\/Bi2S3\/BiVO4\/FTO immunosensor, which was incubated in cTnI solution to inhibit the AA photocurrent. The photocurrent obtained by the proposed immunosensor presented a linear relationship with the logarithm of the cTnI concentration, ranging from 1 pg mL\u22121 to 1000 ng mL\u22121. The immunosensor was successfully employed in artificial blood plasma samples for the detection of cTnI, with recovery values ranging from 98.0% to 98.5%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios13030379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T03:04:46Z","timestamp":1678763086000},"page":"379","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Photoelectrochemical Determination of Cardiac Troponin I as a Biomarker of Myocardial Infarction Using a Bi2S3 Film Electrodeposited on a BiVO4-Coated Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide Electrode"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Thatyara Oliveira","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f4nio Gomes dos Santos","family":"Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8817-0156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan Silva","family":"de Menezes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fl\u00e1vio Santos","family":"Damos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rita de C\u00e1ssia Silva","family":"Luz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6923-2227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orlando","family":"Fatibello-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2015.03.037","article-title":"Diagnostics on Acute Myocardial Infarction: Cardiac Troponin Biomarkers","volume":"70","author":"Fathil","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022, November 26). Cardiovascular Diseases. Available online: http:\/\/www.who.int\/cardiovascular_diseases\/en\/."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2017.01.040","article-title":"Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Immunosensing of Cardiac Troponin I Based on Energy Transfer between N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine Capped CdAgTe Quantum Dots and Dodecahedral Au Nanoparticles","volume":"91","author":"Tan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campu, A., Muresan, I., Craciun, A.M., Cainap, S., Astilean, S., and Focsan, M. (2022). Cardiac Troponin Biosensor Designs: Current Developments and Remaining Challenges. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23147728"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2014.08.063","article-title":"Applications of Electrochemical Immunosensors for Early Clinical Diagnostics","volume":"132","year":"2015","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2011.02.036","article-title":"A Fluoro-Microbead Guiding Chip for Simple and Quantifiable Immunoassay of Cardiac Troponin I (CTnI)","volume":"26","author":"Song","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2016.04.027","article-title":"A Fluorescent Immunosensor for High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin I Using a Spatially-Controlled Polymeric, Nano-Scale Tracer to Prevent Quenching","volume":"83","author":"Seo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2019.02.111","article-title":"A Nanozyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Dual-Modal Colorimetric and Ratiometric Fluorescent Detection of Cardiac Troponin I","volume":"288","author":"Miao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2019.01.053","article-title":"Fe3O4@PDA Immune Probe-Based Signal Amplification in Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Biosensing of Human Cardiac Troponin I","volume":"177","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2021.113104","article-title":"Wavelength Modulation Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor for Detection of Cardiac Marker Proteins Troponin I and Troponin T","volume":"332","author":"Sinha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators A Phys."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2805","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-018-0960-7","article-title":"Quantification of Cardiac Troponin I in Human Plasma by Immunoaffinity Enrichment and Targeted Mass Spectrometry","volume":"410","author":"Schneck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-018-2232-4","article-title":"SERS-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassay of Troponin I by Using Gap-Enhanced Raman Tags","volume":"12","author":"Khlebtsov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nano Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2015.09.066","article-title":"A Sensitive and Label-Free Photoelectrochemical Aptasensor Using Co-Doped ZnO Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor Nanoparticles","volume":"77","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1990","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5b04579","article-title":"Simultaneous Photoelectrochemical Immunoassay of Dual Cardiac Markers Using Specific Enzyme Tags: A Proof of Principle for Multiplexed Bioanalysis","volume":"88","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2019.02.048","article-title":"Manganese Doped CdS Sensitized Graphene\/Cu2MoS4 Composite for the Photoelectrochemical Immunoassay of Cardiac Troponin I","volume":"132","author":"Chi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115996","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2019.115996","article-title":"Visible Active Reduced Graphene Oxide-BiVO4-ZnO Ternary Photocatalyst for Efficient Removal of Ciprofloxacin","volume":"233","author":"Raja","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2016.07.037","article-title":"Graphene-Doped Bi2S3 Nanorods as Visible-Light Photoelectrochemical Aptasensing Platform for Sulfadimethoxine Detection","volume":"86","author":"Okoth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23451","DOI":"10.1038\/srep23451","article-title":"In Situ Synthesis of Bi2S3 Sensitized WO3 Nanoplate Arrays with Less Interfacial Defects and Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2013.07.040","article-title":"A New Strategy for Methylated DNA Detection Based on Photoelectrochemical Immunosensor Using Bi2S3 Nanorods, Methyl Bonding Domain Protein and Anti-His Tag Antibody","volume":"51","author":"Yin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2013.11.021","article-title":"Effective Signal-on Photoelectrochemical Immunoassay of Subgroup J Avian Leukosis Virus Based on Bi2S3 Nanorods as Photosensitizer and in Situ Generated Ascorbic Acid for Electron Donating","volume":"54","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1007\/s10008-020-04637-8","article-title":"Highly Sensitive Photoelectrochemical Immunosensor Based on Anatase\/Rutile TiO2 and Bi2S3 for the Zero-Biased Detection of PSA","volume":"24","author":"Monteiro","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Solid State Electrochem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2019.01.059","article-title":"Bismuth Vanadate\/Graphene Quantum Dot: A New Nanocomposite for Photoelectrochemical Determination of Dopamine","volume":"285","author":"Prado","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/S0254-0584(01)00394-7","article-title":"Novel Process for Electrodeposition of Bi2S3 Thin Films","volume":"73","author":"Saitou","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2006.01.048","article-title":"Corrosion Behavior of Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glasses in Different Artificial Body Fluids","volume":"425","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Alloy. Compd."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2017.08.034","article-title":"Label-Free Photoelectrochemical Immunoassay for CEA Detection Based on CdS Sensitized WO3@BiOI Heterostructure Nanocomposite","volume":"99","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103049","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA18832J","article-title":"Facile Fabrication and Photoelectrochemical Properties of a CuO Nanorod Photocathode with a ZnO Nanobranch Protective Layer","volume":"6","author":"Shaislamov","year":"2016","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2021.02.094","article-title":"Efficient Suppression of Surface Charge Recombination by CoP-Modified Nanoporous BiVO4 for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting","volume":"46","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrog. Energy"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2021.130456","article-title":"A Dual-Signal Amplification Photoelectrochemical Immunosensor for Ultrasensitive Detection of CYFRA 21-1 Based on the Synergistic Effect of SnS2\/SnS\/Bi2S3 and ZnCdS@NPC-ZnO","volume":"346","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2018.01.215","article-title":"Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Cardiac Troponin I in Serum and Saliva by Nitrogen-Doped Porous Reduced Graphene Oxide Electrode","volume":"262","author":"Chekin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpcs.2018.05.023","article-title":"Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity in Hybrid Composite Combined BiOBr Nanosheets and Bi2S3 Nanoparticles","volume":"121","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Solids"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5921","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-021-03555-6","article-title":"Correction to: Interference-Free Photoelectrochemical Immunoassays Using Carboxymethylated Dextran-Coated and Gold-Modified TiO2 Nanotube Arrays","volume":"413","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-020-04302-x","article-title":"A Cardiac Troponin I Photoelectrochemical Immunosensor: Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots\u2013Bismuth Oxyiodide\u2013Flower-like SnO2","volume":"187","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1080\/00032719.2020.1721003","article-title":"Photoelectrochemical Immunosensor Based on ZnIn2S4\/Bi2Se3 Nanocomposite for the Determination of Cardiac Troponin I","volume":"53","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Lett."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2018.01.050","article-title":"A Novel Label-Free Photoelectrochemical Sensor Based on N,S-GQDs and CdS Co-Sensitized Hierarchical Zn2SnO4 Cube for Detection of Cardiac Troponin I","volume":"106","author":"Fan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13582","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.2c03263","article-title":"Tunable Competitive Absorption-Induced Signal-On Photoelectrochemical Immunoassay for Cardiac Troponin I Based on Z-Scheme Metal\u2013Organic Framework Heterojunctions","volume":"94","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14196","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.1c02922","article-title":"Ultrasensitive Double-Channel Microfluidic Biosensor-Based Cathodic Photo-Electrochemical Analysis via Signal Amplification of SOD-Au@PANI for Cardiac Troponin I Detection","volume":"93","author":"Feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122564","article-title":"A Novel Split-Type Photoelectrochemical Immunosensor Based on Chemical Redox Cycling Amplification for Sensitive Detection of Cardiac Troponin I","volume":"233","author":"Liao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4627","DOI":"10.1039\/D2BM00538G","article-title":"A Novel Photoelectrochemical Sensor Based on SiNWs@PDA for Efficient Detection of Myocardial Infarction","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2018.05.037","article-title":"Ultrasensitive Photoelectrochemical Immunosensor of Cardiac Troponin I Detection Based on Dual Inhibition Effect of Ag@Cu2O Core-Shell Submicron-Particles on CdS QDs Sensitized TiO2 Nanosheets","volume":"117","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."}],"container-title":["Biosensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6374\/13\/3\/379\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:54:01Z","timestamp":1760122441000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6374\/13\/3\/379"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["bios13030379"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bios13030379","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-6374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-6374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]]}}}