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An integrated and multi-target system for the rapid, high-specificity, and high-sensitivity detection of four Candida species was developed. The system consists of a rapid sample processing cassette and a rapid nucleic acid analysis device. The cassette could process the Candida species to release nucleic acids in 15 min. The released nucleic acids were analyzed by the device as fast as within 30 min, using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method. The four Candida species could be simultaneously identified, with each reaction using only 1.41 \u00b5L of reaction mixture, which was low cost. The RPT (rapid sample processing and testing) system could detect the four Candida species with high sensitivity (&lt;2 CFU\/reaction) and high specificity. The system also processed and analyzed 32 clinical samples, giving the results with high clinical sensitivity and specificity. Hence, the system was a significant and effective platform for the diagnosis of VVC. Furthermore, the period of validity of the reagents and chips used in the system was &gt;90 days, and the system could also be used for the detection of bacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios13050559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T10:08:55Z","timestamp":1684490935000},"page":"559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["An Integrated and Multi-Target Nucleic Acid Isothermal Analysis System for Rapid Diagnosis of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeyin","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anni","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenqi","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leyang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinping","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoliang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing 102206, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.3109\/1040841X.2015.1091805","article-title":"Vulvovaginal candidiasis: Epidemiology, microbiology and risk factors","volume":"42","author":"Goncalves","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. 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