{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T18:10:57Z","timestamp":1790273457781,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deputyship for Research and Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia","award":["223202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["223202"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In many fields, such as environmental monitoring, food safety, and medical diagnostics, the identification of organic compounds is essential. It is crucial to create exceptionally sensitive and selective sensors for the detection of organic compounds in order to safeguard the environment and human health. Due to its outstanding electrical, mechanical, and chemical characteristics, the two-dimensional carbon substance graphene has recently attracted much attention for use in sensing applications. The purpose of this research is to create an organic material sensor made from graphene for the detection of organic substances like phenol, ethanol, methanol, chloroform, etc. Due to its high surface-to-volume ratio and potent interactions with organic molecules, graphene improves the sensor\u2019s performance while the metasurface structure enables the design of highly sensitive and selective sensing elements. The suggested sensor is highly sensitive and accurate at detecting a broad spectrum of organic molecules, making it appropriate for a number of applications. The creation of this sensor has the potential to have a substantial impact on the field of organic sensing and increase the safety of food, medicine, and the environment. The graphene metasurface organic material sensor (GMOMS) was categorized into three types denoted as GMOMS1, GMOMS2, and GMOMS3 based on the specific application of the graphene chemical potential (GCP). In GMOMS1, GCP was applied on both the CSRR and CS surfaces. In GMOMS2, GCP was applied to the CS surface and the surrounding outer region of the CSRR. In GMOMS3, GCP was applied to the CSRR and the surrounding outer region of the CSRR surface. The results show that all three designs exhibit high relative sensitivity, with the maximum values ranging from 227 GHz\/RIU achieved by GMOMS1 to 4318 GHz\/RIU achieved by GMOMS3. The FOM values achieved for all the designs range from 2.038 RIU\u22121 achieved by GMOMS2 to 31.52 RIU\u22121 achieved by GMOMS3, which is considered ideal in this paper.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios13080759","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T02:14:48Z","timestamp":1690424088000},"page":"759","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Designing a Graphene Metasurface Organic Material Sensor for Detection of Organic Compounds in Wastewater"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6507-206X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khaled","family":"Aliqab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Wekalao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Marwadi University, Rajkot 360003, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7989-3360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meshari","family":"Alsharari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9062-7493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ammar","family":"Armghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhruvik","family":"Agravat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Marwadi University, Rajkot 360003, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0117-2440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shobhit K.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, Marwadi University, Rajkot 360003, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2014.07.007","article-title":"Biosensing technology for sustainable food safety","volume":"62","author":"Scognamiglio","year":"2014","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal. 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