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The fast release and clearance of serotonin in the extracellular space, low analyte concentrations, and a multitude of interfering species make the detection of serotonin challenging. This work presents an electrochemical aptamer-based biosensing platform that can monitor 5-HT continuously with high sensitivity and selectivity. Our electrochemical sensor showed a response time of approximately 1 min to a step change in the serotonin concentration in continuous monitoring using a single-frequency EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) technique. The developed sensing platform was able to detect 5-HT in the range of 25\u2013150 nM in the continuous sample fluid flow with a detection limit (LOD) of 5.6 nM. The electrochemical sensor showed promising selectivity against other species with similar chemical structures and redox potentials, including dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), L-tryptophan (L-TP), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP). The proposed sensing platform is able to achieve high selectivity in the nanomolar range continuously in real-time, demonstrating the potential for monitoring serotonin from neurons in organ-on-a-chip or brain-on-a-chip-based platforms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios13110983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T08:44:27Z","timestamp":1699865067000},"page":"983","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Continuous Real-Time Detection of Serotonin Using an Aptamer-Based Electrochemical Biosensor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Habib M. N.","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arturo","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert J. & Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1702-4044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S120","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706504","article-title":"The Role of Central 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, Serotonin) Receptors in the Control of Micturition","volume":"147","author":"Ramage","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. 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