{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T06:10:10Z","timestamp":1769062210350,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,25]],"date-time":"2023-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Monitoring fluid intake is essential to help people manage their individual fluid intake behaviors and achieve adequate hydration. Previous studies of fluid intake assessment approaches based on inertial sensors can be categorized into wrist-worn-based and smart-container-based approaches. This study aims to analyze wrist-worn-based and smart-container-based fluid intake assessment approaches using inertial sensors. The comparison of these two approaches should be analyzed according to gesture recognition and volume estimation. In addition, the influence of the fill level and sip size information on the performance is explored in this study. The accuracy of gesture recognition with postprocessing is 92.89% and 91.8% for the wrist-worn-based approach and smart-container-based approach, respectively. For volume estimation, sip-size-dependent models can achieve better performance than general SVR models for both wrist-worn-based and smart-container-based approaches. The improvement of MAPE, MAD, and RMSE can reach over 50% except MAPE for small sip sizes. The results demonstrate that the sip size information and recognition performance are important for fluid intake assessment approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios14010014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,25]],"date-time":"2023-12-25T22:59:09Z","timestamp":1703545149000},"page":"14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["An Analysis of Fluid Intake Assessment Approaches for Fluid Intake Monitoring System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6771-2067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia-Yeh","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bachelor\u2019s Program in Medical Informatics and Innovative Applications, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2319-1204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsiang-Yun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City 11221, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0995-601X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia-Tai","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City 11221, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Tzu","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City 11221, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000446197","article-title":"Relevance of assessment methods for fluid intake","volume":"68","author":"Gandy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. 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