{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T22:04:41Z","timestamp":1767909881978,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"International Research Collaboration Co-Fund (IRCC) grant of Qatar University","award":["IRCC-2022-569"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRCC-2022-569"]}]},{"name":"International Research Collaboration Co-Fund (IRCC) grant of Qatar University","award":["MME03-1226-210042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MME03-1226-210042"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008982","name":"Qatar National Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IRCC-2022-569"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRCC-2022-569"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008982","name":"Qatar National Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MME03-1226-210042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MME03-1226-210042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In response to the urgent requirement for rapid, precise, and cost-effective detection in intensive care units (ICUs) for ventilated patients, as well as the need to overcome the limitations of traditional detection methods, researchers have turned their attention towards advancing novel technologies. Among these, biosensors have emerged as a reliable platform for achieving accurate and early diagnoses. In this study, we explore the possibility of using Pyocyanin analysis for early detection of pathogens in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and lower respiratory tract infections in ventilated patients. To achieve this, we developed an electrochemical sensor utilizing a graphene oxide\u2013copper oxide-doped MgO (GO \u2212 Cu \u2212 Mgo) (GCM) catalyst for Pyocyanin detection. Pyocyanin is a virulence factor in the phenazine group that is produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, leading to infections such as pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and cystic fibrosis. We additionally investigated the use of DNA aptamers for detecting Pyocyanin as a biomarker of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common causative agent of VAP. The results of this study indicated that electrochemical detection of Pyocyanin using a GCM catalyst shows promising potential for various applications, including clinical diagnostics and drug discovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios14010048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T04:56:59Z","timestamp":1705381019000},"page":"48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Path towards Timely VAP Diagnosis: Proof-of-Concept Study on Pyocyanin Sensing with Cu-Mg Doped Graphene Oxide"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1109-1214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Noorizadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6634-6659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mithra","family":"Geetha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Centre for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9273-4735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faycal","family":"Bensaali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3098-9369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nader","family":"Meskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2730-6483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kishor K.","family":"Sadasivuni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Centre for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7487-8770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susu M.","family":"Zughaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8664-7988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Elgamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7764-5793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Ait Hssain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hamad Medical Corporation,   Doha 3050, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00563-22","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00563-22","article-title":"Using machine learning to define the impact of beta-lactam early and cumulative target attainment on outcomes in intensive care unit patients with hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia","volume":"66","author":"Alshaer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antimicrob. 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