{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T19:01:23Z","timestamp":1789758083519,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH-NIDCR","award":["R56 DE025001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R56 DE025001"]}]},{"name":"NIH-NIDCR","award":["112-2628-E-A49-015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["112-2628-E-A49-015"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan","award":["R56 DE025001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R56 DE025001"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan","award":["112-2628-E-A49-015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["112-2628-E-A49-015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oral cancer represents a significant global public health challenge, contributing substantially to the incidence and mortality of cancer. Despite established risk factors such as tobacco use and alcohol consumption, early detection remains crucial for effective treatment. This study introduces a novel approach using a transistor-based biosensor system for detecting the P90 (CIP2A) protein. We tested the presence of CIP2A in human leukoplakia samples, which can undergo malignant conversion into aggressive oral squamous cell carcinoma. The method used commercially available glucose test strips functionalized with P90 antibodies, providing high sensitivity and a low limit of detection which was five orders lower than that of commercial ELISA kits. A specially designed printed circuit board (PCB) facilitated accurate measurements, and the device\u2019s performance was optimized through characteristic tests. Human sample testing validated the biosensor\u2019s effectiveness in distinguishing samples after cell lysis. This study contributes to advancing accurate and cost-effective diagnostic approaches for oral pre-cancer and cancer tissues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios14060281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T06:08:14Z","timestamp":1717049294000},"page":"281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Sensitive Detection of Oral Leukoplakia: Analyzing P90 Biomarkers in Saliva and Tissue"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6986-8217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsiao-Hsuan","family":"Wan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5432-9610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haochen","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0447-8170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao-Ching","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2817-7612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian-Sian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9234-019X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fan","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Tse","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Te","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Neal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3642-8087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josephine F.","family":"Esquivel-Upshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dental Science, Division of Prosthodontics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14718","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.6095","article-title":"Potential noninvasive biomarkers for the malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Society, A.C. 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