{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T15:13:48Z","timestamp":1792682028204,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Intramural Research Program at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z01-HD000261"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z01-HD000261"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Poor placental development and placental defects can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and stillbirth. This study introduces two sensors, which use a near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technique to measure placental oxygen saturation transabdominally. The first one, an NIRS sensor, is a wearable device consisting of multiple NIRS channels. The second one, a Multimodal sensor, which is an upgraded version of the NIRS sensor, is a wireless and wearable device, integrating a motion sensor and multiple NIRS channels. A pilot clinical study was conducted to assess the feasibility of the two sensors in measuring transabdominal placental oxygenation in 36 pregnant women (n = 12 for the NIRS sensor and n = 24 for the Multimodal sensor). Among these subjects, 4 participants had an uncomplicated pregnancy, and 32 patients had either maternal pre-existing conditions\/complications, neonatal complications, and\/or placental pathologic abnormalities. The study results indicate that the patients with maternal complicated conditions (69.5 \u00b1 5.4%), placental pathologic abnormalities (69.4 \u00b1 4.9%), and neonatal complications (68.0 \u00b1 5.1%) had statistically significantly lower transabdominal placental oxygenation levels than those with an uncomplicated pregnancy (76.0 \u00b1 4.4%) (F (3,104) = 6.6, p = 0.0004). Additionally, this study shows the capability of the Multimodal sensor in detecting the maternal heart rate and respiratory rate, fetal movements, and uterine contractions. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of the two sensors in the real-time continuous monitoring of transabdominal placental oxygenation to detect at-risk pregnancies and guide timely clinical interventions, thereby improving pregnancy outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios14100481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T07:30:18Z","timestamp":1728286218000},"page":"481","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A Wireless and Wearable Multimodal Sensor to Non-Invasively Monitor Transabdominal Placental Oxygen Saturation and Maternal Physiological Signals"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Thien","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<i>Eunice Kennedy Shriver<\/i> National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8771-8397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soongho","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<i>Eunice Kennedy Shriver<\/i> National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"},{"name":"Laboratory of Vascular Thrombosis and Inflammation, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Dr., Bethesda, MD 20814, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5739-2995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asma","family":"Sodager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<i>Eunice Kennedy Shriver<\/i> National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5976-2814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinho","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<i>Eunice Kennedy Shriver<\/i> National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dahiana M.","family":"Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3990 John R. Street, Detroit, MI 48201, USA"},{"name":"Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, St. Luke\u2019s University Health Network, 701 Ostrum Street, Suite 303, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoyang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics & Gynecology at the University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1340 Jefferson Park Ave, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Fairfax Hospital, 3300 Gallows Rd, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, <i>Eunice Kennedy Shriver<\/i> National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2652-0162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir","family":"Gandjbakhche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<i>Eunice Kennedy Shriver<\/i> National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"Intrauterine hypoxia: Clinical consequences and therapeutic perspectives","volume":"2015","author":"Thompson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Res. 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