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This study introduces groundbreaking personalized infrared (IR)-based diagnostics for real-time monitoring of disease status and treatment responses in lupus nephritis (LN). We have established a relative absorption difference (RAD) equation to assess characteristic spectral indices based on the temporal peak heights (PHs) of two characteristic serum absorption bands: \u03bd1 as the target signal and \u03bd2 as the PH reference for the \u03bd1 absorption band, measured at each dehydration time (t) during dehydration. The RAD gap (\u03a8), defined as the difference in the RAD values between the initial and final stages of serum dehydration, enables the measurement of serum levels of IgG glycosylation (\u03bd1 (1030 cm\u22121), \u03bd2 (1171 cm\u22121)), serum lactate (\u03bd1 (1021 cm\u22121), \u03bd2 (1171 cm\u22121)), serum hydrophobicity (\u03bd1 (2930 cm\u22121), \u03bd2 (2960 cm\u22121)), serum hydrophilicity (\u03bd1 (1550 cm\u22121), \u03bd2 (1650 cm\u22121)), and albumin (\u03bd1 (1400 cm\u22121), \u03bd2 (1450 cm\u22121)). Furthermore, this IR-based assay incorporates an innovative algorithm and our proprietary iPath software (ver. 1.0), which calculates the prognosis prediction function (PPF, \u03a6) from the RAD gaps of five spectral markers and correlates these with conventional clinical renal biomarkers. We propose that this algorithm-assisted, IR-based approach can augment the patient-centric care of LN patients, particularly by focusing on changes in serum IgG glycosylation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios15010039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T06:42:15Z","timestamp":1736750535000},"page":"39","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Developing a Label-Free Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis with Chemometrics and Computational Enhancement for Assessing Lupus Nephritis Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Mei-Ching","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Lin-Kou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243303, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang-Di","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Lin-Kou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chin-Wei","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai-Fu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9335-7481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ping-Chung","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U-Ser","family":"Jeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei-Yu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick Wai Keung","family":"Tam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1761-3746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yao-Chang","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Chung-Li 320317, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30044, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.03.007","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus in children and adolescents","volume":"59","author":"Levy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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