{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T23:33:17Z","timestamp":1791329597423,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,19]],"date-time":"2025-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22374131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22374131"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The sensitive detection of inflammatory biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is highly desirable for the evaluation of periodontal disease. Luminol-based electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensors offer a promising approach for the fast and convenient detection of biomarkers. However, luminol\u2019s low ECL efficiency under neutral conditions remains a challenge. This study developed an immunosensor by engineering an immunorecognition interface on the outer surface of mesoporous silica nanochannel film (SNF) and confining a Co3O4 nanocatalyst within the SNF nanochannels to improve the luminol ECL efficiency. The SNF was grown on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode using the simple St\u00f6ber solution growth method. A Co3O4 nanocatalyst was successfully confined within the SNF nanochannels through in situ electrodeposition, confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemical measurements. The confined Co3O4 demonstrated excellent electrocatalytic activity, effectively enhancing luminol and H2O2 oxidation and boosting the ECL signal under neutral conditions. Using interleukin-6 (IL-6) as a proof-of-concept demonstration, the epoxy functionalization of the SNF outer surface enabled the covalent immobilization of capture antibodies, forming a specific immunorecognition interface. IL-6 binding induced immunocomplex formation, which reduced the ECL signal and allowed for quantitative detection. The immunosensor showed a linear detection range for IL-6 from 1 fg mL\u22121 to 10 ng mL\u22121, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.64 fg mL\u22121. It also demonstrated good selectivity and anti-interference capabilities, enabling the successful detection of IL-6 in artificial GCF samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios15010063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T12:32:52Z","timestamp":1737376372000},"page":"63","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Sensitive Detection of Biomarker in Gingival Crevicular Fluid Based on Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence by Nanochannel-Confined Co3O4 Nanocatalyst"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Changfeng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Beijing Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing 100039, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujiao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3699-1646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liccardo, D., Cannavo, A., Spagnuolo, G., Ferrara, N., Cittadini, A., Rengo, C., and Rengo, G. 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