{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T13:46:12Z","timestamp":1787060772802,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n de Colombia (Colciencias)","award":["617-2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["617-2013"]}]},{"name":"Malaria Group at the Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA)","award":["617-2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["617-2013"]}]},{"name":"Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Manizales","award":["617-2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["617-2013"]}]},{"name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia\u2014Sede Medell\u00edn","award":["617-2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["617-2013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Malaria, an infectious disease caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium\u2014including the most lethal species, Plasmodium falciparum\u2014alters the physicochemical properties of host red blood cells, including their intrinsic autofluorescence after infecting them. This exploratory study aims to investigate the possibility of using autofluorescence as a method for detecting infection in red blood cells. The autofluorescence spectra of uninfected and in vitro infected red blood cells with Plasmodium falciparum were monitored and compared across an excitation wavelength range of 255 to 630 nm. Principal Component Analysis revealed that only two wavelengths (315 and 320 nm), previously undocumented, were able to accurately differentiate infected from uninfected red blood cells, showing an increase in autofluorescence in the ultraviolet and blue regions. This phenomenon is hypothetically associated with the presence of natural fluorophores such as tryptophan, FAD, NADH, porphyrins, and lipopigments. To classify the samples, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) was employed, and Wilks\u2019 Lambda test confirmed that the discriminant function was significant, enabling correct classification of samples in more than 91% of cases. Overall, our results support the potential use of autofluorescence as an effective approach for detecting malaria parasite infection in red blood cells, with the possibility of implementation in portable devices for rapid field diagnostics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios15020123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T05:34:26Z","timestamp":1739943266000},"page":"123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Autofluorescence of Red Blood Cells Infected with P. falciparum as a Preliminary Analysis of Spectral Sweeps to Predict Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5018-3170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Garrido-Tamayo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de F\u00edsica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medell\u00edn, A.A: 3840, Medell\u00edn 050034, Colombia"},{"name":"Vicerrector\u00eda de Investigaci\u00f3n y Postgrado, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena 1700000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7381-0560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Rinc\u00f3n Santamar\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Microbiolog\u00eda y Biotecnolog\u00eda Agroindustrial\u2014GIMIBAG, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Manizales, Carrera 23 No. 60-63, Manizales 170002, Colombia"},{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Desarrollos Tecnol\u00f3gicos y Ambientales\u2014GIDTA, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Manizales, Carrera 23 No. 60-63, Manizales 170002, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fredy E.","family":"Hoyos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Energ\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica y Autom\u00e1tica, Facultad de Minas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medell\u00edn, Carrera 80 No. 65-223, Robledo, Medell\u00edn 050041, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8120-1231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamara","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnolog\u00eda M\u00e9dica, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Vi\u00f1a del Mar, Vi\u00f1a del Mar 2572007, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6487-8096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Laroze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Alta Investigaci\u00f3n, Universidad de Tarapac\u00e1, Casilla 7D, Arica 1000000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramasamy, R. 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