{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:59:13Z","timestamp":1792803553609,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":368,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005190","name":"Melanoma Research Alliance","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["624320"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["624320"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Wayne State University","award":["624320"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["624320"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01070mq45","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Medical Student Summer Research Fund","award":["624320"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["624320"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Imaging technologies are constantly being developed to improve not only melanoma diagnosis, but also staging, treatment planning, and disease progression. We start with a description of how melanoma is characterized using histology, and then continue by discussing nearly two dozen different technologies, including systems currently used in medical practice and those in development. For each technology, we describe its method of operation, how it is or would be projected to be most commonly used in diagnosing and managing melanoma, and for systems in current use, we identify at least one current manufacturer. We also provide a table including the biomarkers identified by and main limitations associated with each technology and conclude by offering suggestions on specific characteristics that might best enhance a technology\u2019s potential for widespread clinical adoption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios15050297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T11:46:19Z","timestamp":1746618379000},"page":"297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Review of Non-Invasive Imaging Technologies for Cutaneous Melanoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7052-1173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke","family":"Horton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph W.","family":"Fakhoury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8550-8932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rayyan","family":"Manwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3631-9844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Rajabi-Estarabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilara","family":"Turk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"O\u2019Leary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Fotouhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6951-2894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven","family":"Daveluy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manu","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keyvan","family":"Nouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darius","family":"Mehregan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1437-8456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamran","family":"Avanaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60607, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2008.423","article-title":"Increasing Burden of Melanoma in the United States","volume":"129","author":"Linos","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.27616","article-title":"International trends in the incidence of malignant melanoma 1953\u20132008\u2014Are recent generations at higher or lower risk?","volume":"132","author":"Erdmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3807","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.29050","article-title":"Clinical and prognostic factors for melanoma of the skin using SEER registries: Collaborative stage data collection system, version 1 and version 2","volume":"120","author":"Kosary","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"591","article-title":"Vital signs: Melanoma incidence and mortality trends and projections\u2014United States, 1982\u20132030","volume":"64","author":"Guy","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.01.035","article-title":"The Growing Burden of Invasive Melanoma: Projections of Incidence Rates and Numbers of New Cases in Six Susceptible Populations through 2031","volume":"136","author":"Whiteman","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2022.0160","article-title":"Global Burden of Cutaneous Melanoma in 2020 and Projections to 2040","volume":"158","author":"Arnold","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Street, W. (2025, January 12). Cancer Facts & Figures 2017. Cancer Facts and Statistics, American Cancer Society, Available online: https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/research\/cancer-facts-statistics\/all-cancer-facts-figures\/cancer-facts-figures-2017.html."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-005-3637-4","article-title":"Trends for in situ and invasive melanoma in Queensland, Australia, 1982\u20132002","volume":"17","author":"Coory","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Ward, W.H., Farma, J.M., Ward, W.H., and Farma, J.M. (2017). Epidemiology of Melanoma. Cutaneous Melanoma: Etiology and Therapy, Exon Publications."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"American_Cancer_Society (2025, January 12). Key Statistics for Melanoma Skin Cancer. Available online: https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/types\/melanoma-skin-cancer\/about\/key-statistics.html."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38516.649537.E0","article-title":"Skin biopsy rates and incidence of melanoma: Population based ecological study","volume":"331","author":"Welch","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1258\/jrsm.2009.080261","article-title":"Impact of climate change on skin cancer","volume":"102","author":"Bharath","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890.2016.1145795","article-title":"Melanoma screening: A plan for improving early detection","volume":"48","author":"Shellenberger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Noone, A.M., Howlander, N., Kraphcho, M., Miller, D., Brest, A., Yu, M., Ruhl, J., Tatalovich, Z., Mariotto, A., and Lewis, D.R. (2018). Cancer Statistics Review, 1975\u20132015\u2014SEER Statistics, National Cancer Institute."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.9-2-182","article-title":"Recent advances in melanoma biology","volume":"9","author":"Perlis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2011.345","article-title":"Association of increased dermatologist density with lower melanoma mortality","volume":"148","author":"Aneja","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.07.125","article-title":"The impact of demographics, socioeconomics, and health care access on melanoma outcomes","volume":"84","author":"Cortez","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamblin, M.R., Avci, P., Gupta, G.K., Hamblin, M.R., Avci, P., and Gupta, G.K. (2016). Chapter 6\u2014Optical Coherence Tomography for Skin Cancer and Actinic Keratosis. Imaging in Dermatology, Academic Press.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802838-4.00001-7"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-010-0119-y","article-title":"How sunlight causes melanoma","volume":"12","author":"Garibyan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2010.4","article-title":"Prevalence of a history of skin cancer in 2007: Results of an incidence-based model","volume":"146","author":"Stern","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0b013e31828a2ec5","article-title":"Cutaneous malignant melanoma: Update on diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers","volume":"36","author":"Abbas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Dermatopathol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, S., Yu, H., Zheng, X., Wu, U.T., Ming, W.-k., Huang, H., Song, J., Zhang, X., Lyu, J., and Deng, L. (2023). Analysis and prediction of 5-year survival in patients with cutaneous melanoma: A model-based period analysis. Front. Endocrinol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1238086"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1159\/000017969","article-title":"Semiological value of ABCDE criteria in the diagnosis of cutaneous pigmented tumors","volume":"197","author":"Thomas","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e043926","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-043926","article-title":"Training general practitioners in melanoma diagnosis: A scoping review of the literature","volume":"11","author":"Harkemanne","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2019.1514","article-title":"Evaluation of the Number-Needed-to-Biopsy Metric for the Diagnosis of Cutaneous Melanoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"155","author":"Nelson","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tes, D., Aber, A., Zafar, M., Horton, L., Fotouhi, A., Xu, Q., Moiin, A., Thompson, A.D., Moraes Pinto Blumetti, T.C., and Daveluy, S. (2018). Granular cell tumor imaging using optical coherence tomography. Biomed. Eng. Comput. Biol., 9.","DOI":"10.1177\/1179597218790250"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28095","DOI":"10.1039\/C8RA04164D","article-title":"Skin cancer detection using non-invasive techniques","volume":"8","author":"Narayanamurthy","year":"2018","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Panchal, R., Horton, L., Poozesh, P., Baqersad, J., and Nasiriavanaki, M. (2019). Vibration analysis of healthy skin: Toward a noninvasive skin diagnosis methodology. J. Biomed. Opt., 24.","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.24.1.015001"},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"(2019). State-of-the-Art 3D Imaging Can Spot Skin Cancer Early (Video), Baptist Health South Florida."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Freeman, T. (2025, January 12). Millimetre-Wave Imaging Delivers Non-Invasive Skin Cancer Diagnosis. Physics World, Available online: https:\/\/physicsworld.com\/a\/millimetre-wave-imaging-delivers-non-invasive-skin-cancer-diagnosis\/."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jalilian, E., Xu, Q., Horton, L., Fotouhi, A., Reddy, S., Manwar, R., Daveluy, S., Mehregan, D., Gelovani, J., and Avanaki, K. (2020). Contrast-enhanced optical coherence tomography for melanoma detection: An in vitro study. J. Biophotonics, 13, (In English).","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201960097"},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Reed, J. (2025, January 12). Non-Invasive Imaging Techniques for Diagnosis. SkinCancer.net, Available online: https:\/\/skincancer.net\/procedures-tests\/imaging\/non-invasive-techniques."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"1","article-title":"Utilization of Imaging Modalities in the Diagnosis of Melanoma: A Scoping Review","volume":"16","author":"Shapiro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fakhoury, J.W., Lara, J.B., Manwar, R., Zafar, M., Xu, Q., Engel, R., Tsoukas, M.M., Daveluy, S., Mehregan, D., and Avanaki, K. (2024). Photoacoustic imaging for cutaneous melanoma assessment: A comprehensive review. J. Biomed. Opt., 29.","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.29.S1.S11518"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2678","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-4092","article-title":"The State of Melanoma: Emergent Challenges and Opportunities","volume":"27","author":"Atkins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.04.031","article-title":"Guidelines of care for the management of primary cutaneous melanoma","volume":"65","author":"Bichakjian","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2013.0087","article-title":"Controversies in the Evaluation and Management of Atypical Melanocytic Proliferations in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults","volume":"11","author":"Reed","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Natl. Compr. Cancer Netw."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2014.07.001","article-title":"Workup and staging of malignant melanoma","volume":"94","author":"Kauffmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surg. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1245\/ASO.2004.03.044","article-title":"Mitotic Rate and Younger Age Are Predictors of Sentinel Lymph Node Positivity: Lessons Learned From the Generation of a Probabilistic Model","volume":"11","author":"Sondak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2012.01.005","article-title":"Recent Advances in Pathologic Evaluation and Reporting of Melanoma","volume":"39","author":"Mathew","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21409","article-title":"Melanoma staging: Evidence-based changes in the American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth edition cancer staging manual","volume":"67","author":"Gershenwald","year":"2017","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2012.08.004","article-title":"Sentinel lymph node biopsy for melanoma: A critical update for dermatologists after two decades of experience","volume":"31","author":"Ross","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.08.066","article-title":"Mitotic rate correlates with sentinel lymph node status and outcome in cutaneous melanoma greater than 1 millimeter in thickness: A multi-institutional study of 1524 cases","volume":"76","author":"Galli","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11196","article-title":"Tumor mitotic rate is a more powerful prognostic indicator than ulceration in patients with primary cutaneous melanoma","volume":"97","author":"Azzola","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6199","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.23.4799","article-title":"Final version of 2009 AJCC melanoma staging and classification","volume":"27","author":"Balch","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Ward, W.H., Farma, J.M., Ward, W.H., and Farma, J.M. (2017). Clinical Presentation and Staging of Melanoma. Cutaneous Melanoma: Etiology and Therapy, Exon Publications."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21388","article-title":"The Eighth Edition AJCC Cancer Staging Manual: Continuing to build a bridge from a population-based to a more \u201cpersonalized\u201d approach to cancer staging","volume":"67","author":"Amin","year":"2017","journal-title":"CA A Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2010.1725","article-title":"A split-aperture transmit beamforming technique with phase coherence grating lobe suppression","volume":"57","author":"Torbatian","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-019-05443-3","article-title":"Screening for melanoma in men: A cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"35","author":"Adamson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2015.12.002","article-title":"Melanoma progression","volume":"48","author":"Elder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S34","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3800508","article-title":"Histologic criteria for diagnosing primary cutaneous malignant melanoma","volume":"19","author":"Smoller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"1","article-title":"Melanoma\u2013clinical, dermatoscopical, and histopathological morphological characteristics","volume":"22","author":"Buljan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Dermatovenerol. Croat."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1080\/15384047.2019.1640032","article-title":"Current state of melanoma diagnosis and treatment","volume":"20","author":"Davis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Biol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"j2813","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j2813","article-title":"Pathologists\u2019 diagnosis of invasive melanoma and melanocytic proliferations: Observer accuracy and reproducibility study","volume":"357","author":"Elmore","year":"2017","journal-title":"bmj"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1097\/PAI.0b013e318032ea5d","article-title":"Expression of immunohistochemical markers in primary and metastatic malignant melanoma: A comparative study in 70 patients using a tissue microarray technique","volume":"15","author":"Plaza","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Immunohistochem. Mol. Morphol."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"e38693","article-title":"The Role of Biomarkers in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Different Stages of Melanoma","volume":"15","author":"Nwafor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ladstein, R.G., Bachmann, I.M., Straume, O., and Akslen, L.A. (2010). Ki-67 expression is superior to mitotic count and novel proliferation markers PHH3, MCM4 and mitosin as a prognostic factor in thick cutaneous melanoma. BMC Cancer, 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-10-140"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fimiani, M., Rubegni, P., and Cinotti, E. (2020). Total Body Photography and Sequential Digital Dermoscopy for Melanoma Diagnosis. Technology in Practical Dermatology: Non-Invasive Imaging, Lasers and Ulcer Management, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-45351-0"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kr\u00e4nke, T., Tripolt-Droschl, K., R\u00f6d, L., Hofmann-Wellenhof, R., Koppitz, M., and Tripolt, M. (2023). New AI-algorithms on smartphones to detect skin cancer in a clinical setting-A validation study. PLoS ONE, 18, (In English).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0280670"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jahn, A.S., Navarini, A.A., Cerminara, S.E., Kostner, L., Huber, S.M., Kunz, M., Maul, J.-T., Dummer, R., Sommer, S., and Neuner, A.D. (2022). Over-Detection of Melanoma-Suspect Lesions by a CE-Certified Smartphone App: Performance in Comparison to Dermatologists, 2D and 3D Convolutional Neural Networks in a Prospective Data Set of 1204 Pigmented Skin Lesions Involving Patients\u2019 Perception. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14153829"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19759","article-title":"Total body photography for the diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"185","author":"Dinnes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S27902","article-title":"Emerging technologies for the detection of melanoma: Achieving better outcomes","volume":"5","author":"Herman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2017.06.004","article-title":"Mole Mapping for Management of Pigmented Skin Lesions","volume":"35","author":"Polsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dugonik, B., Dugonik, A., Marovt, M., and Golob, M. (2020). Image Quality Assessment of Digital Image Capturing Devices for Melanoma Detection. Appl. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/app10082876"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.02.036","article-title":"The impact of total body photography on biopsy rate in patients from a pigmented lesion clinic","volume":"57","author":"Risser","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.07.049","article-title":"Micromelanomas identified with time-lapse total body photography and dermoscopy","volume":"78","author":"Drugge","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2009.87","article-title":"Total-body cutaneous examination, total-body photography, and dermoscopy in the care of a patient with xeroderma pigmentosum and multiple melanomas","volume":"145","author":"Green","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.01.028","article-title":"Characterization of 1152 lesions excised over 10 years using total-body photography and digital dermatoscopy in the surveillance of patients at high risk for melanoma","volume":"67","author":"Salerni","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"669","article-title":"Dermoscopy compared with naked eye examination for the diagnosis of primary melanoma: A meta-analysis of studies performed in a clinical setting","volume":"159","author":"Vestergaard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e032969","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032969","article-title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of 3D total-body photography with sequential digital dermoscopy in a high-risk melanoma cohort: Protocol for a randomised controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"Primiero","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.141.8.998","article-title":"Incidence of new and changed nevi and melanomas detected using baseline images and dermoscopy in patients at high risk for melanoma","volume":"141","author":"Banky","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferreirinha, A., Farricha, V., and Jo\u00e3o, A. (2025). Melanoma diagnosis with 3D total-body photography. Actas Dermo-Sifiliogr\u00e1ficas, (Accepted; In press).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ad.2024.09.030"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olsen, J., Holmes, J., and Jemec, G.B. (2018). Advances in optical coherence tomography in dermatology\u2014A review. J. Biomed. Opt., 23.","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.23.4.040901"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.19221","article-title":"Dermoscopy of melanoma according to different body sites: Head and neck, trunk, limbs, nail, mucosal and acral","volume":"37","author":"Longo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_75","first-page":"149","article-title":"Dermoscopic criteria and melanocytic lesions","volume":"147","author":"Puig","year":"2012","journal-title":"G. Ital. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.08275.x","article-title":"Noninvasive diagnostic tools for nonmelanoma skin cancer","volume":"157","author":"Ulrich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15784","article-title":"A comparative dermoscopic and reflectance confocal microscopy study of naevi and melanoma with negative pigment network","volume":"33","author":"Farnetani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_78","first-page":"14","article-title":"Dermoscopy, Digital Dermoscopy and Other Diagnostic Tools in the Early Detection of Melanoma and Follow-up of High-risk Skin Cancer Patients","volume":"97","author":"Thomas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_79","first-page":"329","article-title":"Differences between polarized light dermoscopy and immersion contact dermoscopy for the evaluation of skin lesions","volume":"143","author":"Dusza","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_80","first-page":"S18","article-title":"The Accuracy of Skin Cancer Detection Rates with the Implementation of Dermoscopy Among Dermatology Clinicians: A Scoping Review","volume":"17","author":"Harrison","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Aesthet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2024.102934","article-title":"Deep learning algorithms for melanoma detection using dermoscopic imaging: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"155","author":"Ye","year":"2024","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Med."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2013.2248","article-title":"Clinical and Dermoscopic Characteristics of Desmoplastic Melanomas","volume":"149","author":"Jaimes","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(02)00221-3","article-title":"Dermatoscopy for facial pigmented skin lesions","volume":"20","author":"Stolz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2003.05168.x","article-title":"Diagnosis of pigmented skin lesions by dermoscopy: Web-based training improves diagnostic performance of non-experts","volume":"148","author":"Pagnanelli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.140.12.1485","article-title":"Vascular structures in skin tumors: A dermoscopy study","volume":"140","author":"Argenziano","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2007.00180.x","article-title":"Melanocytic skin lesions and pregnancy: Digital dermoscopy analysis","volume":"13","author":"Rubegni","year":"2007","journal-title":"Skin Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0007-0963.2004.05860.x","article-title":"Improvement of malignant\/benign ratio in excised melanocytic lesions in the \u2018dermoscopy era\u2019: A retrospective study 1997\u20132001","volume":"150","author":"Carli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.14566","article-title":"Super-high magnification dermoscopy can aid the differential diagnosis between melanoma and atypical naevi","volume":"46","author":"Cinotti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3315\/jdcr.2014.1161","article-title":"Modern non-invasive diagnostic techniques in the detection of early cutaneous melanoma","volume":"8","author":"Kardynal","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.01.049","article-title":"Performance of a computer-aided digital dermoscopic image analyzer for melanoma detection in 1,076 pigmented skin lesion biopsies","volume":"78","author":"Farahi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-023-00872-1","article-title":"Prospective validation of dermoscopy-based open-source artificial intelligence for melanoma diagnosis (PROVE-AI study)","volume":"6","author":"Marchetti","year":"2023","journal-title":"npj Digit. Med."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e330","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(22)00021-8","article-title":"Validation of artificial intelligence prediction models for skin cancer diagnosis using dermoscopy images: The 2019 International Skin Imaging Collaboration Grand Challenge","volume":"4","author":"Combalia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Digit. Health"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.15094","article-title":"Dermoscopic features and screening strategies for the detection of small-diameter melanomas","volume":"47","author":"Collgros","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.142.9.1113","article-title":"Identification of clinically featureless incipient melanoma using sequential dermoscopy imaging","volume":"142","author":"Kittler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.144.4.502","article-title":"Assessment of the optimal interval for and sensitivity of short-term sequential digital dermoscopy monitoring for the diagnosis of melanoma","volume":"144","author":"Altamura","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2009.370","article-title":"Selection of patients for long-term surveillance with digital dermoscopy by assessment of melanoma risk factors","volume":"146","author":"Haenssle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tromme, I., Devleesschauwer, B., Beutels, P., Richez, P., Praet, N., Sacr\u00e9, L., Marot, L., Van Eeckhout, P., Theate, I., and Baurain, J.-F. (2014). Selective Use of Sequential Digital Dermoscopy Imaging Allows a Cost Reduction in the Melanoma Detection Process: A Belgian Study of Patients with a Single or a Small Number of Atypical Nevi. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109339"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12350","article-title":"Non-invasive tools for the diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma","volume":"23","author":"Fink","year":"2017","journal-title":"Skin Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_99","first-page":"999","article-title":"Noninvasive diagnosis in dermatology","volume":"15","author":"Welzel","year":"2017","journal-title":"JDDG J. Der. Dtsch. Dermatol. Ges."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13121","article-title":"Clinical performance of the Nevisense system in cutaneous melanoma detection: An international, multicentre, prospective and blinded clinical trial on efficacy and safety","volume":"171","author":"Malvehy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2017.06.009","article-title":"Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy in Skin Cancer Diagnosis","volume":"35","author":"Braun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12008","article-title":"Electrical impedance spectroscopy as a potential adjunct diagnostic tool for cutaneous melanoma","volume":"19","author":"Mohr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Skin Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.22396","article-title":"Adjunctive Diagnostic Methods for Skin Cancer Detection: A Review of Electrical Impedance-Based Techniques","volume":"43","author":"Anushree","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioelectromagnetics"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"adv00751","DOI":"10.2340\/actadv.v102.1105","article-title":"Reflectance Confocal Microscopy and Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy in the Early Detection of Melanoma in Changing Lesions during Long-term Follow-up of Very High-risk Patients","volume":"102","author":"Ribero","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_105","unstructured":"Scibase (2025, January 12). Press Release. Available online: https:\/\/scibase.com\/us\/scibase-receives-increased-us-medicare-fee-schedules-for-the-nevisense-melanoma-test\/."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2011.00503.x","article-title":"State of the art in non-invasive imaging of cutaneous melanoma","volume":"17","author":"Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Skin Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2012.04.012","article-title":"New Diagnostic Aides for Melanoma","volume":"30","author":"Ferris","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dermatol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rey-Barroso, L., Burgos-Fern\u00e1ndez, F.J., Delpueyo, X., Ares, M., Royo, S., Malvehy, J., Puig, S., and Vilaseca, M. (2018). Visible and Extended Near-Infrared Multispectral Imaging for Skin Cancer Diagnosis. Sensors, 18, (In English).","DOI":"10.3390\/s18051441"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Braga, J.C.T., Macedo, M.P., Pinto, C., Duprat, J., Begnami, M.D., Pellacani, G., and Rezze, G.G. (2013). Learning Reflectance Confocal Microscopy of Melanocytic Skin Lesions through Histopathologic Transversal Sections. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081205"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(03)02470-8","article-title":"Instruments and new technologies for the in vivo diagnosis of melanoma","volume":"49","author":"Marghoob","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700829","article-title":"Noninvasive imaging of melanoma with reflectance mode confocal scanning laser microscopy in a murine model","volume":"127","author":"Gareau","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2494.2008.00406.x","article-title":"In vivo reflectance-mode confocal microscopy in clinical dermatology and cosmetology","volume":"30","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2017.0504","article-title":"In Vivo Reflectance Confocal Microscopy for the Diagnosis of Melanoma and Melanotic Macules of the Lip","volume":"153","author":"Uribe","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2008.00443.x","article-title":"Reflectance confocal microscopy for in vivo skin imaging","volume":"84","author":"Longo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2018.3688","article-title":"Evaluation of the Response of Unresectable Primary Cutaneous Melanoma to Immunotherapy Visualized With Reflectance Confocal Microscopy: A Report of 2 Cases","volume":"155","author":"Cordova","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s13671-018-0218-9","article-title":"Confocal Microscopy in Skin Cancer","volume":"7","author":"Laimer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Dermatol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.03.077","article-title":"Change in lentigo maligna score assessed by in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy after 1 month of imiquimod treatment for lentigo maligna management","volume":"86","author":"Soenen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4734","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.7.004734","article-title":"Long-range and wide field of view optical coherence tomography for in vivo 3D imaging of large volume object based on akinetic programmable swept source","volume":"7","author":"Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16248","article-title":"Reflectance confocal microscopy diagnostic accuracy for malignant melanoma in different clinical settings: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Pezzini","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2759","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700993","article-title":"The impact of in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy for the diagnostic accuracy of melanoma and equivocal melanocytic lesions","volume":"127","author":"Pellacani","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3824","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2021.3061606","article-title":"High Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography","volume":"39","author":"Ge","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Light. Technol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-011-1152-x","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography in dermatology: Technical and clinical aspects","volume":"303","author":"Gambichler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.52.001574","article-title":"Quantitative evaluation of scattering in optical coherence tomography skin images using the extended Huygens Fresnel theorem","volume":"52","author":"Avanaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000001475","article-title":"Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography\u2013Supervised Biopsy","volume":"44","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adabi, S., Turani, Z., Fatemizadeh, E., Clayton, A., and Nasiriavanaki, M. (2017). Optical coherence tomography technology and quality improvement methods for optical coherence tomography images of skin: A short review. Biomed. Eng. Comput. Biol., 8.","DOI":"10.1177\/1179597217713475"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Avanaki, M.R.N., and Podoleanu, A. (2017). En-face time-domain optical coherence tomography with dynamic focus for high-resolution imaging. J. Biomed. Opt., 22.","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.22.5.056009"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.56.001119","article-title":"High-resolution wavelet-fractal compressed optical coherence tomography images","volume":"56","author":"Faiza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12423","article-title":"An overview of methods to mitigate artifacts in optical coherence tomography imaging of the skin","volume":"24","author":"Adabi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Skin Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4927","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.51.004927","article-title":"OCT skin image enhancement through attenuation compensation","volume":"51","author":"Hojjatoleslami","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_130","first-page":"82252J","article-title":"Dynamic focus optical coherence tomography: Feasibility for improved basal cell carcinoma investigation","volume":"Volume 8225","author":"Aber","year":"2012","journal-title":"Imaging, Manipulation, and Analysis of Biomolecules, Cells, and Tissues X"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.52.002116","article-title":"Investigation of basal cell carcinoma using dynamic focus optical coherence tomography","volume":"52","author":"Avanaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_132","first-page":"2679","article-title":"Quantitative visualization and detection of skin cancer using dynamic thermal imaging","volume":"51","author":"Herman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp. JoVE"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-18-2791","article-title":"Optical Radiomic Signatures Derived from Optical Coherence Tomography Images Improve Identification of Melanoma","volume":"79","author":"Turani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.05.029","article-title":"Characterization of benign and malignant melanocytic skin lesions using optical coherence tomography in vivo","volume":"57","author":"Gambichler","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lai, P.-Y., Shih, T.-Y., Chang, Y.-H., Chang, C.-H., and Kuo, W.-C. (2024). Deep Learning With Optical Coherence Tomography for Melanoma Identification and Risk Prediction. J. Biophotonics, 18.","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.202400277"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-017-0175-4","article-title":"Imaging Blood Vessel Morphology in Skin: Dynamic Optical Coherence Tomography as a Novel Potential Diagnostic Tool in Dermatology","volume":"7","author":"Schuh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12621","article-title":"A multicentre pilot study investigating high-definition optical coherence tomography in the differentiation of cutaneous melanoma and melanocytic naevi","volume":"29","author":"Gambichler","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1159\/000332845","article-title":"Assessment of Tumor Thickness in Melanocytic Skin Lesions: Comparison of Optical Coherence Tomography, 20-MHz Ultrasound and Histopathology","volume":"223","author":"Hinz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Latriglia, F., Ogien, J., Tavernier, C., Fischman, S., Suppa, M., Perrot, J.L., and Dubois, A. (2023). Line-Field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography (LC-OCT) for Skin Imaging in Dermatology. Life, 13, (In English).","DOI":"10.3390\/life13122268"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chauvel-Picard, J., B\u00e9rot, V., Tognetti, L., Orte Cano, C., Fontaine, M., Lenoir, C., P\u00e9rez-Anker, J., Puig, S., Dubois, A., and Forestier, S. (2022). Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography as a tool for three-dimensional in vivo quantification of healthy epidermis: A pilot study. J. Biophotonics, 15.","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.202100236"},{"key":"ref_141","first-page":"47","article-title":"Three-dimensional microscopic quantification of in vivo healthy epidermis based on line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) assisted by artificial intelligence","volume":"Volume 11934","author":"Ogien","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Photonics in Dermatology and Plastic Surgery"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12949","article-title":"Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography\u2014Practical applications in dermatology and comparison with established imaging methods","volume":"27","author":"Ruini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Skin Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.20079","article-title":"Criteria for melanocytic lesions in LC-OCT","volume":"38","author":"Soglia","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schuh, S., Ruini, C., Perwein, M.K.E., Daxenberger, F., Gust, C., Sattler, E.C., and Welzel, J. (2022). Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography: A new tool for the differentiation between nevi and melanomas?. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14051140"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1159\/000246523","article-title":"Subsurface imaging of living skin with optical coherence microscopy","volume":"191","author":"Schmitt","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aguirre, A.D., and Fujimoto, J.G. (2008). Optical coherence microscopy. Optical Coherence Tomography: Technology and Applications, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-77550-8_17"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.35.000532","article-title":"Multiphoton coherence domain molecular imaging with pump-probe optical coherence microscopy","volume":"35","author":"Wan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2017.06.008","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis of skin cancer","volume":"35","author":"Levine","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.23736\/S2784-8671.23.07639-9","article-title":"Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography in melanocytic and non-melanocytic skin tumors","volume":"158","author":"Suppa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ital. J. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2020.2992469","article-title":"Towards indicating human skin state in vivo using geometry-dependent spectroscopic contrast imaging","volume":"32","author":"Ni","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230020","DOI":"10.29026\/oes.2024.230020","article-title":"Deblurring, artifact-free optical coherence tomography with deconvolution-random phase modulation","volume":"3","author":"Ge","year":"2024","journal-title":"Opto-Electron. Sci."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, S., Ge, X., Liu, X., Ding, Q., Wang, N., Wang, X., Chen, S., Liang, H., Deng, Y., and Xiong, Q. (2019). Understanding optical reflectance contrast for real-time characterization of epithelial precursor lesions. Bioeng. Transl. Med., 4.","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.10137"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rey-Barroso, L., Pe\u00f1a-Guti\u00e9rrez, S., Y\u00e1\u00f1ez, C., Burgos-Fern\u00e1ndez, F.J., Vilaseca, M., and Royo, S. (2021). Optical technologies for the improvement of skin cancer diagnosis: A review. Sensors, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/s21010252"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2019.08.046","article-title":"Geometry-dependent spectroscopic contrast in deep tissues","volume":"19","author":"Ge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iscience"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12587","article-title":"The significance of spectrophotometric image analysis for diagnosis of the melanocytic skin tumours in association with their thickness","volume":"24","year":"2018","journal-title":"Skin Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2006.03062.x","article-title":"Spectrophotometric intracutaneous analysis in the diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma: A pilot study","volume":"46","author":"Tehrani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12048","article-title":"An introduction to primary skin imaging","volume":"52","author":"Dasgeb","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2002.04569.x","article-title":"Spectrophotometric intracutaneous analysis: A new technique for imaging pigmented skin lesions","volume":"146","author":"Moncrieff","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07706.x","article-title":"The distribution of melanin in skin determined in vivo","volume":"156","author":"Matts","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goessinger, E.V., Dittrich, P.-G., N\u00f6cker, P., Notni, G., Weber, S., Cerminara, S., M\u00fchleisen, B., Navarini, A.A., and Maul, L.V. (2024). Classification of melanocytic lesions using direct illumination multispectral imaging. Sci. Rep., 14.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-69773-x"},{"key":"ref_161","first-page":"4","article-title":"Multispectral assessment of skin malformations using a modified video-microscope","volume":"49","author":"Bekina","year":"2012","journal-title":"Latv. J. Phys. Tech. Sci."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2010.302","article-title":"The performance of MelaFind: A prospective multicenter study","volume":"147","author":"Monheit","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_163","first-page":"414","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of the MelaFind device in a real-life clinical setting","volume":"15","author":"Fink","year":"2017","journal-title":"JDDG J. Der Dtsch. Dermatol. Ges."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aloupogianni, E., Ishikawa, M., Kobayashi, N., and Obi, T. (2022). Hyperspectral and multispectral image processing for gross-level tumor detection in skin lesions: A systematic review. J. Biomed. Opt., 27, (In English).","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.27.6.060901"},{"key":"ref_165","unstructured":"GlobeNewswire News Room (2018). STRATA Skin Sciences Announces Licensing Agreement for Certain MelaFind Assets."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.25.7428","article-title":"Ultrasound morphology criteria predict metastatic disease of the sentinel nodes in patients with melanoma","volume":"28","author":"Voit","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673026.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.673026","article-title":"Usefulness of high-frequency ultrasonography in the diagnosis of melanoma: Mini review","volume":"11","author":"Belfiore","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sult.2012.10.001","article-title":"Ultrasound in Dermatology: Why, How, and When?","volume":"34","author":"Wortsman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin. Ultrasound CT MRI"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03837.x","article-title":"Principles of high-frequency ultrasonography for investigation of skin pathology","volume":"25","author":"Jasaitiene","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.5114\/ada.2017.72457","article-title":"Current applications of high-frequency ultrasonography in dermatology","volume":"34","author":"Adamski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Postep. Dermatol. Alergol."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2004.00048.x","article-title":"Real-time spatial compound ultrasound imaging of skin","volume":"10","author":"Wortsman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Skin Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wortsman, X. (2016). Chapter 25\u2014Ultrasound Imaging in Dermatology. Imaging in Dermatology, University of Chile.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802838-4.00025-X"},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.15557\/JoU.2013.0021","article-title":"Ultrasound image of the skin, apparatus and imaging basics","volume":"13","author":"Mlosek","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Ultrason."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wortsman, X. (2022). Ultrasound of Cutaneous Melanoma: Primary Tumor Assessment and Locoregional Staging. Textbook of Dermatologic Ultrasound, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-08736-3"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12200","article-title":"Diagnostic usefulness of findings in Doppler sonography for amelanotic melanoma","volume":"40","author":"Kato","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-5629(03)00035-8","article-title":"High-frequency sonography and color Doppler in the management of pigmented skin lesions","volume":"29","author":"Bessoud","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2012.31.1.97","article-title":"Common Applications of Dermatologic Sonography","volume":"31","author":"Wortsman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound Med."},{"key":"ref_178","first-page":"48","article-title":"A preliminary study for quantitative assessment with HFUS (High-Frequency Ultrasound) of nodular skin melanoma breslow thickness in adults before surgery: Interdisciplinary team experience","volume":"13","author":"Reginelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Radiopharm."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.16096","article-title":"Ultra-High Frequency Ultrasound in Melanoma Management: A New Combined Ultrasonographic\u2013Histopathological Approach","volume":"42","author":"Oranges","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound Med."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-013-1321-1","article-title":"Ultrasonographic staging of cutaneous malignant tumors: An ultrasonographic depth index","volume":"305","author":"Crisan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2009.01288.x","article-title":"The Use of High-Resolution Ultrasonography for Preoperative Detection of Metastases in Sentinel Lymph Nodes of Patients with Cutaneous Melanoma","volume":"35","author":"Kunte","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djq455","article-title":"Contemporary diagnostic imaging modalities for the staging and surveillance of melanoma patients: A meta-analysis","volume":"103","author":"Xing","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2017.02.009","article-title":"Long-term results of ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology in conjunction with sentinel node biopsy support step-wise approach in melanoma","volume":"43","author":"Ophuis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. (EJSO)"},{"key":"ref_184","first-page":"44","article-title":"Ultrasound Technology in Dermatology","volume":"1","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin. Cutan. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_185","first-page":"317","article-title":"Diagnosis and characterization of cutaneous tumors using combined ultrasonographic procedures (conventional and high resolution ultrasonography)","volume":"12","author":"Badea","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. Ultrason."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2028-6182","article-title":"Ultra-High-Frequency Ultrasound: A Modern Diagnostic Technique for Studying Melanoma","volume":"44","author":"Reginelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ultraschall Med."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.06.016","article-title":"Clinical usefulness of variable-frequency ultrasound in localized lesions of the skin","volume":"62","author":"Wortsman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.12.016","article-title":"Ultrasound in dermatology: Principles and applications","volume":"67","author":"Kleinerman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1097\/01.LAB.0000088767.45565.27","article-title":"Evaluation of Skin Tumors by Magnetic Resonance Imaging","volume":"83","author":"Rajeswari","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2004.00071.x","article-title":"In vivo morphological characterisation of skin by MRI micro-imaging methods","volume":"10","author":"Mirrashed","year":"2004","journal-title":"Skin Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1593\/neo.07937","article-title":"Cellular Magnetic Resonance Imaging: In Vivo Imaging of Melanoma Cells in Lymph Nodes of Mice","volume":"10","author":"Foster","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1046","article-title":"Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI perfusion for differentiating between melanoma and lung cancer brain metastases","volume":"6","author":"Hatzoglou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reinert, C.P., Liang, C., Weissinger, M., Vogel, J., Forschner, A., Nikolaou, K., la Foug\u00e8re, C., and Seith, F. (2023). Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for Staging Melanoma Patients in Direct Comparison to Computed Tomography (CT): Results from a Prospective Positron Emission Tomography (PET)\/CT and PET\/MRI Study. Diagnostics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13111963"},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2005.02.017","article-title":"Cross-sectional imaging in non-melanoma skin cancer of the head and neck","volume":"60","author":"Lanka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2007.05.014","article-title":"Giant basal cell carcinoma on the lower leg: MRI findings","volume":"60","author":"Arnaiz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Plast. Reconstr. Aesthet. Surg."},{"key":"ref_196","first-page":"1","article-title":"Anatomical and molecular imaging of skin cancer","volume":"1","author":"Hong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12078","article-title":"Whole-body MRI with diffusion-weighted sequences compared with 18 FDG PET-CT, CT and superficial lymph node ultrasonography in the staging of advanced cutaneous melanoma: A prospective study","volume":"28","author":"Jouvet","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jansen, Y.J.L., Willekens, I., Seremet, T., Awada, G., Schwarze, J.K., De Mey, J., Brussaard, C., and Neyns, B. (2021). Whole-Body MRI for the Detection of Recurrence in Melanoma Patients at High Risk of Relapse. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13030442"},{"key":"ref_199","unstructured":"McManus, D. (2023). Metastatic Melanoma, Radiopaedia."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202X.2004.22208.x","article-title":"Melanoma diagnosis by Raman spectroscopy and neural networks: Structure alterations in proteins and lipids in intact cancer tissue","volume":"122","author":"Gniadecka","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_201","unstructured":"Colthup, N. (2012). Introduction to Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145702","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/20\/14\/145702","article-title":"Measuring the thermal conductivity of individual carbon nanotubes by the Raman shift method","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haka, A.S., Volynskaya, Z.I., Gardecki, J.A., Nazemi, J., Shenk, R., Wang, N., Dasari, R.R., Fitzmaurice, M., and Feld, M.S. (2009). Diagnosing breast cancer using Raman spectroscopy: Prospective analysis. J. Biomed. Opt., 14.","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3247154"},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qiu, X., Wu, X., Fang, X., Fu, Q., Wang, P., Wang, X., Li, S., and Li, Y. (2023). Raman spectroscopy combined with deep learning for rapid detection of melanoma at the single cell level. Spectrochim. Acta Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc., 286.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2022.122029"},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2021.102161","article-title":"Finding reduced Raman spectroscopy fingerprint of skin samples for melanoma diagnosis through machine learning","volume":"120","author":"Veloso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Med."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Moy, A.J., Feng, X., Nguyen, H.T.M., Sebastian, K.R., Reichenberg, J.S., Wilke, C.O., Markey, M.K., and Tunnell, J.W. (2020). Assessment of Raman Spectroscopy for Reducing Unnecessary Biopsies for Melanoma Screening. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25122852"},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-11-4061","article-title":"Real-time Raman spectroscopy for in vivo skin cancer diagnosis","volume":"72","author":"Lui","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2015.04.002","article-title":"Applications of Raman spectroscopy in skin research\u2014From skin physiology and diagnosis up to risk assessment and dermal drug delivery","volume":"89","author":"Franzen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-018-0257-9","article-title":"Improving clinical diagnosis of early-stage cutaneous melanoma based on Raman spectroscopy","volume":"119","author":"Santos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, H., Osseiran, S., Igras, V., Nichols, A.J., Roider, E.M., Pruessner, J., Tsao, H., Fisher, D.E., and Evans, C.L. (2016). In vivo coherent Raman imaging of the melanomagenesis-associated pigment pheomelanin. Sci. Rep., 6.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep37986"},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2011.02174.x","article-title":"Diagnosis and demarcation of skin malignancy using elastic light single-scattering spectroscopy: A pilot study","volume":"38","author":"Canpolat","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1177\/153303460800700309","article-title":"Differentiation of melanoma from non-cancerous tissue in an animal model using elastic light single-scattering spectroscopy","volume":"7","author":"Canpolat","year":"2008","journal-title":"Technol. Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_213","unstructured":"Hartman, R., Uwe Paasch, M., Kelly Tepedino, M., Max Fung, M., McNiff, J., and Grant-Kels, J. (2025, January 12). Validation of a Handheld Elastic-Scattering Spectroscopy Device on Lesions Concerning for Melanoma. Available online: https:\/\/www.dermasensor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/80-0013.v1-DA3-v2.pdf."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdin.2023.10.011","article-title":"Multicenter prospective blinded melanoma detection study with a handheld elastic scattering spectroscopy device","volume":"15","author":"Hartman","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAAD Int."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-019-02894-2","article-title":"Elastic scattering spectroscopy for monitoring skin cancer transformation and therapy in the near infrared window","volume":"35","author":"Shurrab","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bourgeois, A.C., Pasciak, A.S., and Bradley, Y.C. (2016). The Role of Positron Emission Tomography\/Computed Tomography in Cutaneous Melanoma. Imaging Dermatol., 455\u2013466. (In English).","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802838-4.00032-7"},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1097\/CMR.0000000000000666","article-title":"Staging 18F-FDG PET\/CT influences the treatment plan in melanoma patients with satellite or in-transit metastases","volume":"30","author":"Holtkamp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Melanoma Res."},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sachpekidis, C., Hassel, J.C., Kopp-Schneider, A., Haberkorn, U., and Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss, A. (2021). Quantitative Dynamic 18F-FDG PET\/CT in Survival Prediction of Metastatic Melanoma under PD-1 Inhibitors. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13051019"},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-020-04967-9","article-title":"The value of 18 F-FDG PET\/CT for predicting or monitoring immunotherapy response in patients with metastatic melanoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Ayati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000002921","article-title":"Comparison of 18F-FDG PET\/CT Criteria for the Prediction of Therapy Response and Clinical Outcome in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma Treated With Ipilimumab and PD-1 Inhibitors","volume":"45","author":"Annovazzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-021-10911-4","article-title":"Effectiveness of SPECT\/CT Imaging for Sentinel Node Biopsy Staging of Primary Cutaneous Melanoma and Patient Outcomes","volume":"29","author":"Moncrieff","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.2174\/1874471012666191015100837","article-title":"Sentinel node identification in melanoma: Current clinical impact, new emerging spect radiotracers and technological advancements. An update of the last decade","volume":"13","author":"Quartuccio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Radiopharm."},{"key":"ref_223","first-page":"275","article-title":"Does 99mTc-tilmanocept, as next generation radiotracer, meet with the requirements for improved sentinel node imaging?","volume":"40","author":"Rietbergen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Espa\u00f1ola Med. Nucl. E Imagen Mol."},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1097\/CMR.0000000000000893","article-title":"The impact of sentinel lymph node mapping with hybrid single photon emission computed tomography\/computed tomography in patients with melanoma. Comparison to planar radioisotopic lymphoscintigraphy","volume":"33","author":"Stathaki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Melanoma Res."},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quartuccio, N., Garau, L.M., Arnone, A., Pappalardo, M., Rubello, D., Arnone, G., and Manca, G. (2020). Comparison of 99mTc-labeled colloid SPECT\/CT and planar lymphoscintigraphy in sentinel lymph node detection in patients with melanoma: A meta-analysis. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9061680"},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balch, C., Gershenwald, J., Thompson, J., Atkins, M., Kirkwood, J., Kefford, R., Sober, A., Halpern, A., Garbe, C., and Scolyer, R. (2019). Lymphoscintigraphy in Patients with Melanoma. Cutaneous Melanoma, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46029-1"},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1097\/00008390-199412000-00009","article-title":"Lymphoscintigraphy to identify sentinel lymph nodes in patients with melanoma","volume":"4","author":"Uren","year":"1994","journal-title":"Melanoma Res."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5350","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-022-11935-0","article-title":"Evaluating and embracing modern imaging technology to guide sentinel node biopsy for melanoma","volume":"29","author":"Moncrieff","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.02.1140","article-title":"Practical application of new technologies for melanoma diagnosis: Part II","volume":"72","author":"March","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. approaches. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13286","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13286","article-title":"Detection of cutaneous malignant melanoma by tape stripping of pigmented skin lesions\u2014A systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Thomsen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Skin Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1097\/CMR.0000000000000478","article-title":"Real-world performance and utility of a noninvasive gene expression assay to evaluate melanoma risk in pigmented lesions","volume":"28","author":"Ferris","year":"2018","journal-title":"Melanoma Res."},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2017.06.013","article-title":"Assessing Skin Cancer Using Epidermal Genetic Information Retrieved by Adhesive Patch Skin Surface Sampling","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.07.038","article-title":"Development and validation of a noninvasive 2-gene molecular assay for cutaneous melanoma","volume":"76","author":"Gerami","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.01.009","article-title":"Gene expression profiling for molecular staging of cutaneous melanoma in patients undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy","volume":"72","author":"Gerami","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.11.051","article-title":"Identification of high-risk cutaneous melanoma tumors is improved when combining the online American Joint Committee on Cancer Individualized Melanoma Patient Outcome Prediction Tool with a 31-gene expression profile\u2013based classification","volume":"76","author":"Ferris","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-024-00567-0","article-title":"A multiparameter liquid biopsy approach allows to track melanoma dynamics and identify early treatment resistance","volume":"8","author":"Scaini","year":"2024","journal-title":"npj Precis. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.04.042","article-title":"Development of a novel noninvasive adhesive patch test for the evaluation of pigmented lesions of the skin","volume":"71","author":"Gerami","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2023.0127","article-title":"Early detection and prognostic assessment of cutaneous melanoma: Consensus on optimal practice and the role of gene expression profile testing","volume":"159","author":"Leachman","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.028","article-title":"Identification of patients at risk of metastasis using a prognostic 31-gene expression profile in subpopulations of melanoma patients with favorable outcomes by standard criteria","volume":"80","author":"Gastman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.74.1025","article-title":"Long-term outcomes in patients with BRAF V600\u2013mutant metastatic melanoma who received dabrafenib combined with trametinib","volume":"36","author":"Long","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30700-9","article-title":"Nivolumab plus ipilimumab or nivolumab alone versus ipilimumab alone in advanced melanoma (CheckMate 067): 4-year outcomes of a multicentre, randomised, phase 3 trial","volume":"19","author":"Hodi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2022.03.008","article-title":"European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline for melanoma. Part 1: Diagnostics: Update 2022","volume":"170","author":"Garbe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_243","unstructured":"The_Skincare_Network (2025, January 12). Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy. Available online: https:\/\/www.skincarenetwork.co.uk\/skin-cancer-treatment\/electrical-impedance-spectroscopy\/."},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70332-8","article-title":"Fine-needle biopsy of metastatic melanoma: Clinical use and new applications","volume":"11","author":"Murali","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s13139-017-0495-4","article-title":"Evaluation of (18)F-FDG PET\/CT Parameters for Detection of Lymph Node Metastasis in Cutaneous Melanoma","volume":"52","author":"Cha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Veeramani, N., and Jayaraman, P. (2025). A promising AI based super resolution image reconstruction technique for early diagnosis of skin cancer. Sci. Rep., 15.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-89693-8"},{"key":"ref_247","first-page":"e26127","article-title":"Recognizing Histopathological Simulators of Melanoma to Avoid Misdiagnosis","volume":"14","author":"Waqar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e210059","DOI":"10.1148\/ryai.210059","article-title":"Clinical assessment of deep learning\u2013based super-resolution for 3D volumetric brain MRI","volume":"4","author":"Rudie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiol. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Najjar, R. (2023). Redefining Radiology: A Review of Artificial Intelligence Integration in Medical Imaging. Diagnostics, 13, (In English).","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202306.1124.v1"},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Popescu, D., El-Khatib, M., El-Khatib, H., and Ichim, L. (2022). New trends in melanoma detection using neural networks: A systematic review. Sensors, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/s22020496"},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gajera, H.K., Nayak, D.R., and Zaveri, M.A. (2023). A comprehensive analysis of dermoscopy images for melanoma detection via deep CNN features. Biomed. Signal Process. Control, 79.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2022.104186"},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cirrincione, G., Cannata, S., Cicceri, G., Prinzi, F., Currieri, T., Lovino, M., Militello, C., Pasero, E., and Vitabile, S. (2023). Transformer-based approach to melanoma detection. Sensors, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/s23125677"},{"key":"ref_253","first-page":"1","article-title":"A Comprehensive Systematic Review: Advancements in Skin Cancer Classification and Segmentation Using the ISIC Dataset","volume":"140","author":"Hameed","year":"2024","journal-title":"CMES-Comput. Model. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedinformatics4040121","article-title":"Systematic Review of Deep Learning Techniques in Skin Cancer Detection","volume":"4","author":"Magalhaes","year":"2024","journal-title":"BioMedInformatics"},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dildar, M., Akram, S., Irfan, M., Khan, H.U., Ramzan, M., Mahmood, A.R., Alsaiari, S.A., Saeed, A.H.M., Alraddadi, M.O., and Mahnashi, M.H. (2021). Skin Cancer Detection: A Review Using Deep Learning Techniques. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18105479"},{"key":"ref_256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grant, S.R., Andrew, T.W., Alvarez, E.V., Huss, W.J., and Paragh, G. (2022). Diagnostic and Prognostic Deep Learning Applications for Histological Assessment of Cutaneous Melanoma. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14246231"},{"key":"ref_257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1159\/000530225","article-title":"Artificial intelligence for the classification of pigmented skin lesions in populations with skin of color: A systematic review","volume":"239","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref_258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-018-5933-x","article-title":"Metastatic melanoma: Pretreatment contrast-enhanced CT texture parameters as predictive biomarkers of survival in patients treated with pembrolizumab","volume":"29","author":"Durot","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guerrisi, A., Russillo, M., Loi, E., Ganeshan, B., Ungania, S., Desiderio, F., Bruzzaniti, V., Falcone, I., Renna, D., and Ferraresi, V. (2021). Exploring CT texture parameters as predictive and response imaging biomarkers of survival in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab: A pilot study using a delta-radiomics approach. Front. Oncol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.704607"},{"key":"ref_260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gill, A.B., Rundo, L., Wan, J.C.M., Lau, D., Zawaideh, J.P., Woitek, R., Zaccagna, F., Beer, L., Gale, D., and Sala, E. (2020). Correlating Radiomic Features of Heterogeneity on CT with Circulating Tumor DNA in Metastatic Melanoma. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12123493"},{"key":"ref_261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2024.110604","article-title":"Joint-individual fusion structure with fusion attention module for multi-modal skin cancer classification","volume":"154","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"ref_262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3287","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-022-04180-1","article-title":"MDFNet: Application of multimodal fusion method based on skin image and clinical data to skin cancer classification","volume":"149","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rey-Barroso, L., Vilaseca, M., Royo, S., D\u00edaz-Dout\u00f3n, F., Lihacova, I., Bondarenko, A., and Burgos-Fern\u00e1ndez, F.J. (2025). Training State-of-the-Art Deep Learning Algorithms with Visible and Extended Near-Infrared Multispectral Images of Skin Lesions for the Improvement of Skin Cancer Diagnosis. Diagnostics, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15030355"},{"key":"ref_264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, H.-Y., Hsiao, Y.-P., Karmakar, R., Mukundan, A., Chaudhary, P., Hsieh, S.-C., and Wang, H.-C. (2023). A Review of Recent Advances in Computer-Aided Detection Methods Using Hyperspectral Imaging Engineering to Detect Skin Cancer. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15235634"},{"key":"ref_265","first-page":"20230271","article-title":"RGB-to-hyperspectral conversion for accessible melanoma detection: A CNN-based approach","volume":"33","author":"Bsharat","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Intell. Syst."},{"key":"ref_266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamblin, M.R., Avci, P., Gupta, G.K., Hamblin, M.R., Avci, P., and Gupta, G.K. (2016). Chapter 24\u2014Photoacoustic Tomography in the Diagnosis of Melanoma. Imaging in Dermatology, Academic Press.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802838-4.00001-7"},{"key":"ref_267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.30.000507","article-title":"Deeply penetrating photoacoustic tomography in biological tissues enhanced with an optical contrast agent","volume":"30","author":"Ku","year":"2005","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, K.H., Stein, E.W., Margenthaler, J.A., and Wang, L.V. (2008). Noninvasive photoacoustic identification of sentinel lymph nodes containing methylene blue in vivo in a rat model. J. Biomed. Opt., 13.","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2976427"},{"key":"ref_269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao, J., Maslov, K.I., Hu, S., and Wang, L.V. (2009). Evans blue dye-enhanced capillary-resolution photoacoustic microscopy in vivo. J. Biomed. Opt., 14.","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3251044"},{"key":"ref_270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2756","DOI":"10.1021\/cr900266s","article-title":"In Vivo Photoacoustic Tomography of Chemicals: High-Resolution Functional and Molecular Optical Imaging at New Depths","volume":"110","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4559","DOI":"10.1021\/nn100736c","article-title":"In vivo molecular photoacoustic tomography of melanomas targeted by bioconjugated gold nanocages","volume":"4","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9658","DOI":"10.1021\/nn203124x","article-title":"In Vivo Quantitative Evaluation of the Transport Kinetics of Gold Nanocages in a Lymphatic System by Noninvasive Photoacoustic Tomography","volume":"5","author":"Cai","year":"2011","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt839","article-title":"Noninvasive laser-induced photoacoustic tomography for structural and functional in vivo imaging of the brain","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, H.F., Maslov, K., Stoica, G., and Wang, L.V. (2006). Functional photoacoustic microscopy for high-resolution and noninvasive in vivo imaging. Nat. Biotechnol., 24.","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1220"},{"key":"ref_275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oh, J.-T., Li, M.-L., Zhang, H.F., Maslov, K., Stoica, G., and Wang, L.V. (2006). Three-dimensional imaging of skin melanoma in vivo by dual-wavelength photoacoustic microscopy. J. Biomed. Opt., 11.","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2210907"},{"key":"ref_276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"041101","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2195024","article-title":"Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine","volume":"77","author":"Xu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"ref_277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2998","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.31.002998","article-title":"Photoacoustic detection of metastatic melanoma cells in the human circulatory system","volume":"31","author":"Weight","year":"2006","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3623","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.31.003623","article-title":"In vivo photoacoustic flow cytometry for monitoring of circulating single cancer cells and contrast agents","volume":"31","author":"Zharov","year":"2006","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holan, S.H., and Viator, J.A. (2008). Automated wavelet denoising of photoacoustic signals for circulating melanoma cell detection and burn image reconstruction. Phys. Med. Biol., 53.","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/53\/12\/N01"},{"key":"ref_280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pramanik, M., Song, K.H., Swierczewska, M., Green, D., Sitharaman, B., and Wang, L.V. (2009). In vivo carbon nanotube-enhanced non-invasive photoacoustic mapping of the sentinel lymph node. Phys. Med. Biol., 54, (In English).","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/54\/11\/001"},{"key":"ref_281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1021\/nl802746w","article-title":"Near-Infrared Gold Nanocages as a New Class of Tracers for Photoacoustic Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping on a Rat Model","volume":"9","author":"Song","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, C., Erpelding, T.N., Maslov, K.I., Jankovic, L., Akers, W.J., Song, L., Achilefu, S., Margenthaler, J.A., Pashley, M.D., and Wang, L.V.J.J.o.b.o. (2010). Handheld array-based photoacoustic probe for guiding needle biopsy of sentinel lymph nodes. J. Biomed. Opt., 15.","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3469829"},{"key":"ref_283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1021\/nn203895n","article-title":"Photoacoustic Sentinel Lymph Node Imaging with Self-Assembled Copper Neodecanoate Nanoparticles","volume":"6","author":"Pan","year":"2012","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.01.016","article-title":"Noninvasive determination of melanoma depth using a handheld photoacoustic probe","volume":"137","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e199020","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.9020","article-title":"Assessment of nonradioactive multispectral optoacoustic tomographic imaging with conventional lymphoscintigraphic imaging for sentinel lymph node biopsy in melanoma","volume":"2","author":"Stoffels","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2022.100362","article-title":"Multispectral optoacoustic tomography for in vivo detection of lymph node metastases in oral cancer patients using an EGFR-targeted contrast agent and intrinsic tissue contrast: A proof-of-concept study","volume":"26","author":"Vonk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"key":"ref_287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22058","article-title":"First experiences of photoacoustic imaging for detection of melanoma metastases in resected human lymph nodes","volume":"44","author":"Grootendorst","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lasers Surg. Med."},{"key":"ref_288","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Langhout, G.C., Grootendorst, D.J., Nieweg, O.E., Wouters, M.W., van der Hage, J.A., Jose, J., van Boven, H., Steenbergen, W., Manohar, S., and Ruers, T.J. (2014). Detection of melanoma metastases in resected human lymph nodes by noninvasive multispectral photoacoustic imaging. Int. J. Biomed. Imaging, 2014.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/163652"},{"key":"ref_289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5967","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41574-2","article-title":"Deep learning-enabled realistic virtual histology with ultraviolet photoacoustic remote sensing microscopy","volume":"14","author":"Martell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1102\/1470-7330.2006.0009","article-title":"Prognostic value of angiogenesis evaluated with high-frequency and colour Doppler sonography for preoperative assessment of primary cutaneous melanomas: Correlation with recurrence after a 5 year follow-up period","volume":"6","author":"Lassau","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Imaging"},{"key":"ref_291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaat5857","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aat5857","article-title":"In vivo liquid biopsy using Cytophone platform for photoacoustic detection of circulating tumor cells in patients with melanoma","volume":"11","author":"Galanzha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hai, P., Qu, Y., Li, Y., Zhu, L., Shmuylovich, L., Cornelius, L.A., and Wang, L.V. (2020). Label-free high-throughput photoacoustic tomography of suspected circulating melanoma tumor cells in patients in vivo. J. Biomed. Opt., 25.","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.25.3.036002"},{"key":"ref_293","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2050023","DOI":"10.1142\/S1793545820500236","article-title":"Photoacoustic detection of circulating melanoma cells in late stage patients","volume":"13","author":"Viator","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Innov. Opt. Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1007\/s10765-010-0770-4","article-title":"Optical photoacoustic detection of circulating melanoma cells in vitro","volume":"31","author":"Gupta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Thermophys."},{"key":"ref_295","first-page":"PC1235201","article-title":"Exploration of photoacoustic remote sensing virtual histology in skin malignancies","volume":"Volume PC12352","author":"Benjamin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Photonics in Dermatology and Plastic Surgery"},{"key":"ref_296","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ecclestone, B., Bell, K., Boktor, M., Pekar, V., Taher, M., Dinakaran, D., Mackey, J., and Haji Reza, P. (2022, January 22\u201323). Label-free histological imaging of skin cancers with photoacoustic remote sensing virtual histology. Proceedings of the Photonics in Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, San Francisco, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2609176"},{"key":"ref_297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kratkiewicz, K., Manwar, R., Rajabi-Estarabadi, A., Fakhoury, J., Meiliute, J., Daveluy, S., Mehregan, D., and Avanaki, K.M. (2019). Photoacoustic\/Ultrasound\/Optical Coherence Tomography Evaluation of Melanoma Lesion and Healthy Skin in a Swine Model. Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19122815"},{"key":"ref_298","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abbasi, S., Le, M., Sonier, B., Dinakaran, D., Bigras, G., Bell, K., Mackey, J.R., and Reza, P.H. (2019). All-optical reflection-mode microscopic histology of unstained human tissues. Sci. Rep., 9.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49849-9"},{"key":"ref_299","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"015004","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JMI.5.1.015004","article-title":"Preoperative measurement of cutaneous melanoma and nevi thickness with photoacoustic imaging","volume":"5","author":"Breathnach","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201400143","article-title":"Handheld photoacoustic probe to detect both melanoma depth and volume at high speed in vivo","volume":"8","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biophotonics"},{"key":"ref_301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16278","DOI":"10.1038\/lsa.2016.278","article-title":"Non-interferometric photoacoustic remote sensing microscopy","volume":"6","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Light. Sci. Appl."},{"key":"ref_302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bell, K., Abbasi, S., Dinakaran, D., Taher, M., Bigras, G., van Landeghem, F.K., Mackey, J.R., and Haji Reza, P. (2020). Reflection-mode virtual histology using photoacoustic remote sensing microscopy. Sci. Rep., 10.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76155-6"},{"key":"ref_303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1364\/OPTICA.5.000814","article-title":"Deep non-contact photoacoustic initial pressure imaging","volume":"5","author":"Reza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Optica"},{"key":"ref_304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23055","article-title":"Hyperspectral imaging in automated digital dermoscopy screening for melanoma","volume":"51","author":"Hosking","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lasers Surg. Med."},{"key":"ref_305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamblin, M.R., Avci, P., Gupta, G.K., Hamblin, M.R., Avci, P., and Gupta, G.K. (2016). Chapter 16\u2014Hyperspectral and Multispectral Imaging in Dermatology. Imaging in Dermatology, Academic Press.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802838-4.00001-7"},{"key":"ref_306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vasefi, F., MacKinnon, N., and Farkas, D.L. (2014, January 3\u20136). Toward in vivo diagnosis of skin cancer using multimode imaging dermoscopy: (II) molecular mapping of highly pigmented lesions. Proceedings of the Imaging, Manipulation, and Analysis of Biomolecules, Cells, and Tissues XII, San Francisco, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2042182"},{"key":"ref_307","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vasefi, F., MacKinnon, N., Saager, R., Kelly, K.M., Maly, T., Booth, N., Durkin, A.J., and Farkas, D.L. (2016). Separating melanin from hemodynamics in nevi using multimode hyperspectral dermoscopy and spatial frequency domain spectroscopy. J. Biomed. Opt., 21, (In English).","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.21.11.114001"},{"key":"ref_308","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"adv00815","DOI":"10.2340\/actadv.v102.2045","article-title":"Hyperspectral Imaging for Non-invasive Diagnostics of Melanocytic Lesions","volume":"102","author":"Paoli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103708","article-title":"Combining hyperspectral imaging techniques with deep learning to aid in early pathological diagnosis of melanoma","volume":"43","author":"Tian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"ref_310","first-page":"24158","article-title":"Hyper-Skin: A Hyperspectral Dataset for Reconstructing Facial Skin-Spectra from RGB Images","volume":"36","author":"Ng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"ref_311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, T.-L., Lu, C.-T., Karmakar, R., Nampalley, K., Mukundan, A., Hsiao, Y.-P., Hsieh, S.-C., and Wang, H.-C. (2024). Assessing the efficacy of the spectrum-aided vision enhancer (SAVE) to detect acral lentiginous melanoma, melanoma in situ, nodular melanoma, and superficial spreading melanoma. Diagnostics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14151672"},{"key":"ref_312","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MacKinnon, N., Vasefi, F., Booth, N., and Farkas, D.L. (2016, January 15\u201317). Melanoma detection using smartphone and multimode hyperspectral imaging. Proceedings of the Imaging, Manipulation, and Analysis of Biomolecules, Cells, and Tissues IX, San Francisco, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2222415"},{"key":"ref_313","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1109\/51.687960","article-title":"Clinical thermal imaging today","volume":"17","author":"Anbar","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag."},{"key":"ref_314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1109\/42.746635","article-title":"A reappraisal of the use of infrared thermal image analysis in medicine","volume":"17","author":"Jones","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00c7eting\u00fcl, M.P., and Herman, C. (2010). A heat transfer model of skin tissue for the detection of lesions: Sensitivity analysis. Phys. Med. Biol., 55.","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/55\/19\/020"},{"key":"ref_316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akhter, N., Manza, R., Shaikh, S., Gawali, B., Yannawar, P., and Shaikh, S. (2022, January 22\u201324). Diagnosis of Melanoma Using Thermography: A Review. Proceedings of the International Conference on Applications of Machine Intelligence and Data Analytics (ICAMIDA 2022), Aurangabad, India.","DOI":"10.2991\/978-94-6463-136-4_40"},{"key":"ref_317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2012.09.022","article-title":"Infrared thermography of cutaneous melanoma metastases","volume":"182","author":"Shada","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.8.002301","article-title":"Detection theory for accurate and non-invasive skin cancer diagnosis using dynamic thermal imaging","volume":"8","author":"Godoy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176646","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2956898","article-title":"An instrument for accurate and non-invasive screening of skin cancer based on multimodal imaging","volume":"7","author":"Krohmer","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Okabe, T., Fujimura, T., Okajima, J., Kambayashi, Y., Aiba, S., and Maruyama, S. (2019). First-in-human clinical study of novel technique to diagnose malignant melanoma via thermal conductivity measurements. Sci. Rep., 9, (In English).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40444-6"},{"key":"ref_321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3853","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/47\/21\/325","article-title":"Terahertz pulse imaging in reflection geometry of human skin cancer and skin tissue","volume":"47","author":"Woodward","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_322","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.22169","article-title":"Computational phantom study of frozen melanoma imaging at 0.45 terahertz","volume":"40","author":"Vilagosh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioelectromagnetics"},{"key":"ref_323","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2013.2252357","article-title":"Temperature-dependent terahertz imaging of excised oral malignant melanoma","volume":"17","author":"Sim","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE J. Biomed. Health Info."},{"key":"ref_324","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2004.06129.x","article-title":"Terahertz pulsed imaging of basal cell carcinoma ex vivo and in vivo","volume":"151","author":"Wallace","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"053702","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4907350","article-title":"In vivo terahertz spectroscopy of pigmentary skin nevi: Pilot study of non-invasive early diagnosis of dysplasia","volume":"106","author":"Zaytsev","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, D., Yang, Z., Fu, A., Chen, T., Chen, L., Tang, M., Zhang, H., Mu, N., Wang, S., and Liang, G. (2020). Detecting melanoma with a terahertz spectroscopy imaging technique. Spectrochim. Acta Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc., 234.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2020.118229"},{"key":"ref_327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qi, X., Bertling, K., Torniainen, J., Kong, F., Gillespie, T., Primiero, C., Stark, M.S., Dean, P., Indjin, D., and Li, L.H. (2024). Terahertz in vivo imaging of human skin: Toward detection of abnormal skin pathologies. APL Bioeng., 8.","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0190573"},{"key":"ref_328","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7075","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0832308100","article-title":"Live tissue intrinsic emission microscopy using multiphoton-excited native fluorescence and second harmonic generation","volume":"100","author":"Zipfel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_329","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2008.439","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of multiphoton laser tomography for in vivo and ex vivo diagnosis of malignant melanoma","volume":"129","author":"Dimitrow","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seidenari, S., Arginelli, F., Dunsby, C., French, P.M.W., K\u00f6nig, K., Magnoni, C., Talbot, C., and Ponti, G. (2013). Multiphoton Laser Tomography and Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging of Melanoma: Morphologic Features and Quantitative Data for Sensitive and Specific Non-Invasive Diagnostics. PLoS ONE, 8, (In English).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070682"},{"key":"ref_331","unstructured":"(2016). MPTflex-CARS, Multiphoton Tomography."},{"key":"ref_332","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.20687","article-title":"Imaging of mouse experimental melanoma in vivo and ex vivo by combination of confocal and nonlinear microscopy","volume":"72","author":"Chernyavskiy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microsc. Res. Tech."},{"key":"ref_333","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elagin, V., Gubarkova, E., Garanina, O., Davydova, D., Orlinskaya, N., Matveev, L., Klemenova, I., Shlivko, I., Shirmanova, M., and Zagaynova, E. (2021). In vivo multimodal optical imaging of dermoscopic equivocal melanocytic skin lesions. Sci. Rep., 11.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80744-w"},{"key":"ref_334","unstructured":"Johnson, T., and Imaging Technique Detects Skin Cancer Without Invasive Biopsy (2025, January 12). Tech. Briefs 2019., Available online: https:\/\/www.techbriefs.com\/component\/content\/article\/33583-imaging-technique-detects-skin-cancer-without-invasive-biopsy."},{"key":"ref_335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heaton, A.R., Burkard, N.J., Sondel, P.M., and Skala, M.C. (2024). Quantifying in vivo collagen reorganization during immunotherapy in murine melanoma with second harmonic generation imaging. Biophotonics Discov., 1.","DOI":"10.1117\/1.BIOS.1.1.015004"},{"key":"ref_336","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2494","DOI":"10.1039\/C9SC06441A","article-title":"Highly efficient singlet oxygen generation, two-photon photodynamic therapy and melanoma ablation by rationally designed mitochondria-specific near-infrared AIEgens","volume":"11","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_337","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24313","article-title":"Fiber diffraction of skin and nails provides an accurate diagnosis of malignancies","volume":"125","author":"James","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_338","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers2021155","article-title":"The Connection between the Presence of Melanoma and Changes in Fibre Diffraction Patterns","volume":"2","author":"James","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"ref_339","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179608","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/179608","article-title":"Fibre Diffraction Analysis of Skin Offers a Very Early and Extremely Accurate Diagnostic Test for Prostate Cancer","volume":"2014","author":"James","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2014.110","article-title":"Using Fourier transform IR spectroscopy to analyze biological materials","volume":"9","author":"Baker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghimire, H., Venkataramani, M., Bian, Z., Liu, Y., and Perera, A.G.U. (2017). ATR-FTIR spectral discrimination between normal and tumorous mouse models of lymphoma and melanoma from serum samples. Sci. Rep., 7, (In English).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17027-4"},{"key":"ref_342","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201300163","article-title":"It\u2019s in your blood: Spectral biomarker candidates for urinary bladder cancer from automated FTIR spectroscopy","volume":"7","author":"Ollesch","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biophotonics"},{"key":"ref_343","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3213","DOI":"10.1039\/c0an00505c","article-title":"FTIR microspectroscopy of melanocytic skin lesions: A preliminary study","volume":"135","author":"Tosi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_344","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2015.10.030","article-title":"Infrared spectra of primary melanomas can predict response to chemotherapy: The example of dacarbazine","volume":"1862","author":"Wald","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA) Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"ref_345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Br\u00e9zillon, S., Untereiner, V., Mohamed, H.T., Ahallal, E., Proult, I., Nizet, P., Boulagnon-Rombi, C., and Sockalingum, G.D. (2020). Label-free infrared spectral histology of skin tissue part II: Impact of a lumican-derived peptide on melanoma growth. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00377"},{"key":"ref_346","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abuh, S.O., Barbora, A., and Minnes, R. (2024). Metastasis diagnosis using attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infra-red (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. PLoS ONE, 19.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0304071"},{"key":"ref_347","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.08.009","article-title":"Real-time tissue elastography: A helpful tool in the diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma?","volume":"65","author":"Hinz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_348","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.15.15182","article-title":"Assessment of Cutaneous Melanoma by Use of Very- High-Frequency Ultrasound and Real-Time Elastography","volume":"206","author":"Cosgarea","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"ref_349","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-013-0595-9","article-title":"Accuracy of real-time ultrasound elastography in the differential diagnosis of lymph nodes in cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM): A pilot study","volume":"19","author":"Ogata","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.10.026","article-title":"Real-time elastography for the differentiation of benign and malignant superficial lymph nodes: A meta-analysis","volume":"81","author":"Ying","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20150344","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20150344","article-title":"Quantified ultrasound elastography in the assessment of cutaneous carcinoma","volume":"88","author":"Dasgeb","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(64)86797-7","article-title":"Electron spin resonance studies on melanin","volume":"4","author":"Blois","year":"1964","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"ref_353","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2838","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.38.2838","article-title":"Electron spin resonance imaging of mouse B16 melanoma","volume":"38","author":"Katsuda","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_354","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-023-01836-3","article-title":"Towards Characterization of Skin Melanoma in the Clinic by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy and Imaging of Melanin","volume":"26","author":"Wehbi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Imaging Biol."},{"key":"ref_355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7290.2012.00037","DOI":"10.2310\/7290.2012.00037","article-title":"Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectrometry and Imaging in Melanomas: Comparison between Pigmented and Nonpigmented Human Malignant Melanomas","volume":"12","author":"Godechal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_356","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.020","article-title":"Noninvasive detection of the endogenous free radical melanin in human skin melanomas using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)","volume":"190","author":"Mignion","year":"2022","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_357","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.441058","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography-guided confocal Raman microspectroscopy for rapid measurements in tissues","volume":"13","author":"Ren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_358","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105103","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5004999","article-title":"Development of a combined OCT-Raman probe for the prospective in vivo clinical melanoma skin cancer screening","volume":"88","author":"Mazurenka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"ref_359","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Varkentin, A., Mazurenka, M., Blumenr\u00f6ther, E., Behrendt, L., Emmert, S., Morgner, U., Meinhardt-Wollweber, M., Rahlves, M., and Roth, B. (2018). Trimodal system for in vivo skin cancer screening with combined optical coherence tomography-Raman and colocalized optoacoustic measurements. J. Biophotonics, 11.","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201700288"},{"key":"ref_360","unstructured":"Kukk, A.F., Wu, D., Gaffal, E., Panzer, R., Emmert, S., and Roth, B. (2023, January 28). Multimodal imaging system with ultrasound, photoacoustics, and optical coherence tomography for optical biopsy of melanoma. Proceedings of the Multimodal Biomedical Imaging XVIII, San Francisco, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_361","unstructured":"Roth, B., Kukk, A.F., Wu, D., Panzer, R., and Emmert, S. Four-modal device comprising optical coherence tomography, photoacoustic tomography, ultrasound, and Raman spectroscopy developed for in vivo skin lesion assessment. Biomed. Opt. Express."},{"key":"ref_362","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3772","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.412609","article-title":"In-vivo imaging of melanoma with simultaneous dual-wavelength acoustic-resolution-based photoacoustic\/ultrasound microscopy","volume":"60","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_363","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.7.000279","article-title":"Toward in vivo biopsy of melanoma based on photoacoustic and ultrasound dual imaging with an integrated detector","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_364","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kukk, A.F., Scheling, F., Panzer, R., Emmert, S., and Roth, B. (2024). Non-invasive 3D imaging of human melanocytic lesions by combined ultrasound and photoacoustic tomography: A pilot study. Sci. Rep., 14.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-53220-y"},{"key":"ref_365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kukk, A.F., Scheling, F., Panzer, R., Emmert, S., and Roth, B. (2023). Combined ultrasound and photoacoustic C-mode imaging system for skin lesion assessment. Sci. Rep., 13.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-44919-5"},{"key":"ref_366","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2024.0468","article-title":"Current state of dermatology mobile applications with artificial intelligence features: A scoping review","volume":"160","author":"Wongvibulsin","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_367","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joshi, G., Jain, A., Araveeti, S.R., Adhikari, S., Garg, H., and Bhandari, M. (2024). FDA-Approved Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI\/ML)-Enabled Medical Devices: An Updated Landscape. Electronics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics13030498"},{"key":"ref_368","unstructured":"U.S. Food & Drug Administration (2025, January 12). Marketing Submission Recommendations for a Predetermined Change Control Plan for Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Device Software Functions, Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/regulatory-information\/search-fda-guidance-documents\/marketing-submission-recommendations-predetermined-change-control-plan-artificial-intelligence."}],"container-title":["Biosensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6374\/15\/5\/297\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:28:52Z","timestamp":1760030932000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6374\/15\/5\/297"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]]},"references-count":368,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["bios15050297"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bios15050297","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-6374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-6374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]]}}}