{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T04:40:24Z","timestamp":1790656824076,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]],"date-time":"2025-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prostate cancer is among the most prevalent malignancies in men worldwide, underscoring the need for early and accurate diagnostic tools. This study presents a proof-of-concept and pilot clinical validation of a novel bioelectric impedance-based biosensor for the detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in human serum. The system integrates Molecular Identification through Membrane Engineering (MIME) with the xCELLigence real-time cell analysis platform, employing Vero cells electroinserted with anti-PSA antibodies. Optimization experiments identified 15,000 cells\/well as the optimal configuration for impedance response. The biosensor exhibited specific, concentration-dependent changes in impedance upon exposure to PSA standard solutions and demonstrated significant differentiation between PSA-positive and PSA-negative human serum samples relative to the clinical threshold of 4 ng\/mL. The biosensor offered rapid results within one minute, unlike standard immunoradiometric assay (IRMA), while showing strong diagnostic agreement. The system\u2019s specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility support its potential for integration into point-of-care screening workflows. This bioelectric assay represents one of the fastest PSA detection approaches reported to date and offers a promising solution for reducing overdiagnosis while improving clinical decision-making and patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios15080503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T07:49:58Z","timestamp":1754380198000},"page":"503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Proof-of-Concept Study on Bioelectric-Based Biosensing for Prostate-Specific Antigen Detection in Serum Samples"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Georgios","family":"Giannakos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cell Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7370-3581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Marka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cell Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantina","family":"Georgoulia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cell Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2841-446X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Spyridon","family":"Kintzios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cell Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5648-2465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgia","family":"Moschopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cell Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"209","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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