{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T03:44:00Z","timestamp":1792467840422,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This numerical study introduces a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensor utilizing a kagome lattice-inspired hollow core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for the highly sensitive detection of various blood biomarkers and analytical components. The sensor is designed to detect key blood biomarkers such as water, glucose, plasma, and hemoglobin (Hb), as well as analytical targets including krypton, sylgard, ethanol, polyacrylamide (PA), and bovine serum albumin (BSA), by monitoring shifts in the resonance wavelength (RW). A dual-polarization approach is employed by analyzing both transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) modes. The proposed sensor demonstrates exceptional performance, achieving maximum wavelength sensitivities (Sw) of 18,900 nm RIU\u22121 for TM pol. and 16,800 nm RIU\u22121 for TE pol. Corresponding peak amplitude sensitivities (SA) of 71,224 RIU\u22121 for TM pol. and 58,112 RIU\u22121 for TE pol. were also observed. The peak sensor resolution (SR) for both modes is on the order of 10\u22126 RIU, underscoring its high precision. Owing to its enhanced sensitivity, compact design, and robust dual-polarization capability, the proposed biosensor holds strong promise for point-of-care diagnostics and real-time blood component analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios15080539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T14:24:28Z","timestamp":1755267868000},"page":"539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Numerical Study of a Novel Kagome-Inspired Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor for Detection of Blood Components and Analytical Targets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1903-5401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayushman","family":"Ramola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7710-4276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amit Kumar","family":"Shakya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1481-5788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Droby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7257-4976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arik","family":"Bergman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.0c01586","article-title":"High-Sensitivity 3D ZIF-8\/PDA Photonic Crystal-Based Biosensor for Blood Component Recognition","volume":"4","author":"Nankali","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. 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