{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T07:09:15Z","timestamp":1791356955260,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"organization Rapid Bio LLC"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lateral flow immunoassays (LFAs) are widely recognized as a powerful and versatile analytical platform. Nevertheless, the development of multiplex formats remains a distinct challenge. The aim of this study was to develop a multiplex LFA using gold nanoparticles (GNPs) as a label, selected for their ease of synthesis and functionalization with biomolecules. We provide practical recommendations regarding protein\u2013hapten synthesis, membrane selection, application buffer composition, and methods to improve the long-term stability of the freeze-dried gold conjugate. The developed assay shows good tolerance to high-fat milk, stability at elevated temperatures, and promising sensitivity, with visual detection limits of 4\u2013100 ng\/mL for \u03b2-lactams, 1\u201310 ng\/mL for tetracyclines, 50 ng\/mL for streptomycin, and 0.3 ng\/mL for chloramphenicol.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios15090592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T08:43:54Z","timestamp":1757493834000},"page":"592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Development of a Multiplex Lateral Flow Immunoassay for the Detection of Antibiotics in Milk Utilizing Lyophilized Gold Nanoparticle Conjugates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9730-1465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan V.","family":"Maksin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Industrial Pharmacy, Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA\u2013Russian Technological University, 86, Vernadsky Avenue, 119571 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Rapid Bio LLC, 42, bld. 1, Bolshoy Boulevard, 121205 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5951-1452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azhar","family":"Kuandykova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rapid Bio LLC, 42, bld. 1, Bolshoy Boulevard, 121205 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8354-6883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darya I.","family":"Polyakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rapid Bio LLC, 42, bld. 1, Bolshoy Boulevard, 121205 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Peoples\u2019 Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, 8, bld. 2, Miklukho-Maklaya, 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6544-4057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viktoriia A.","family":"Kesareva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rapid Bio LLC, 42, bld. 1, Bolshoy Boulevard, 121205 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Peoples\u2019 Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, 8, bld. 2, Miklukho-Maklaya, 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5908-5192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timofei A.","family":"Luzyanin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Industrial Pharmacy, Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA\u2013Russian Technological University, 86, Vernadsky Avenue, 119571 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1025-2714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladislav S.","family":"Ivanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rapid Bio LLC, 42, bld. 1, Bolshoy Boulevard, 121205 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7798-3859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evgeniia I.","family":"Simonova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rapid Bio LLC, 42, bld. 1, Bolshoy Boulevard, 121205 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agro\u2013Technological Institute, Peoples\u2019 Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, 8, bld. 2, Miklukho-Maklaya, 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8182-1836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"German A.","family":"Khunteev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rapid Bio LLC, 42, bld. 1, Bolshoy Boulevard, 121205 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0988-8515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuliya G.","family":"Kirillova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Industrial Pharmacy, Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA\u2013Russian Technological University, 86, Vernadsky Avenue, 119571 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.3390\/bios5030577","article-title":"Point-of-Care Diagnostics in Low Resource Settings: Present Status and Future Role of 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