{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T01:09:11Z","timestamp":1792717751070,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":231,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RS-2023-00241461"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00241461"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003566","name":"Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RS-2025-02373103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025-02373103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003566","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Foodborne pathogens remain a significant public health concern, necessitating the development of rapid, sensitive, and reliable detection methods for various food matrices. Traditional biosensors, while effective in many contexts, often face limitations related to complex sample environments, signal interpretation, and on-site usability. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into biosensing platforms offers a transformative approach to address these challenges. This review critically examines recent advancements in AI-assisted biosensors for detecting foodborne pathogens in various food samples, including meat, dairy products, fresh produce, and ready-to-eat foods. Emphasis is placed on the application of machine learning and deep learning to improve biosensor accuracy, reduce detection time, and automate data interpretation. AI models have demonstrated capabilities in enhancing sensitivity, minimizing false results, and enabling real-time, on-site analysis through innovative interfaces. Additionally, the review highlights the types of biosensing mechanisms employed, such as electrochemical, optical, and piezoelectric, and how AI optimizes their performance. While these developments show promising outcomes, challenges remain in terms of data quality, algorithm transparency, and regulatory acceptance. The future integration of standardized datasets, explainable AI models, and robust validation protocols will be essential to fully harness the potential of AI-enhanced biosensors for next-generation food safety monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios15100690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T10:12:29Z","timestamp":1760523149000},"page":"690","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Biosensors for Enhanced Detection of Foodborne Pathogens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2641-9290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riza Jane S.","family":"Banicod","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fisheries Postharvest Research and Development Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Quezon City 1128, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9314-9124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazia","family":"Tabassum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1257-1463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Du-Min","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea (MABIK), Seochun 33662, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aqib","family":"Javaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Program of Marine and Fisheries Sciences and Convergent Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2465-8013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young-Mog","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4902-3188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fazlurrahman","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Program of Marine and Fisheries Sciences and Convergent Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Ocean and Fisheries Development International Cooperation Institute, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"International Graduate Program of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2018.03.003","article-title":"Food safety in the 21st century","volume":"41","author":"Fung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. 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