{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T12:11:19Z","timestamp":1783426279734,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["NSTC 113-2221-E-194-011-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 113-2221-E-194-011-MY3"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012542","name":"Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DTCRD114-C-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DTCRD114-C-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015045","name":"Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["KAFGH_D_114019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KAFGH_D_114019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015045","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Malignant pleural effusion, commonly referred to as MPE, is a prevalent complication associated with individuals diagnosed with neoplastic disorders. The data acquired by pleural fluid cytology is beneficial for diagnostic objectives. Consequently, the initial step in the diagnostic procedure for lung cancer is the analysis of pleural effusion fluid. This research aims to provide a cutting-edge model for analyzing PE cytology images. This model utilizes a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system that integrates hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology for the classification of spectral variations. Giemsa, which is one of the most popular microscopic stains, is employed to stain the samples, after which a sensitive CCD mounted on a microscope captures the images. Subsequently, the HSI model is tasked with obtaining the image spectra. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) constitutes the concluding phase in the classification procedure of various cell types. We expect that the suggested technique will enable medical professionals to stage lung cancer more rapidly. In the future, we aspire to develop an extensive data system that utilizes deep learning techniques to facilitate the automatic classification of cells, thereby ensuring the most precise diagnosis. Furthermore, enhancing accuracy and minimizing data dimensions are important priorities to accelerate diagnostics, conserve resources, and reduce computing time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios15110714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T05:48:46Z","timestamp":1761716926000},"page":"714","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Visible-Light Hyperspectral Reconstruction and PCA-Based Feature Extraction for Malignant Pleural Effusion Cytology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4705-1919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun-Liang","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 2, Minsheng Road, Dalin, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, 701 Zhongyang Rd., Sec. 3, Hualien 97004, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6811-4614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kun-Hua","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma, Changhua Christian Hospital, No. 135, Nanxiao St., Changhua City 50006, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Rd., Min Hsiung, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1666-0666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong-Thai","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Rd., Min Hsiung, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Thai Nguyen University of Technology, No. 666, Street 3\/2, Thai Nguyen City 250000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7741-3722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arvind","family":"Mukundan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Rd., Min Hsiung, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Imaging, Chennai Institute of Technology, Sarathy Nagar, Chennai 600069, Tamil Nadu, India"},{"name":"School of Engineering and Technology, Sanjivani University, Sanjivani Factory, Singnapur, Kopargaon 423603, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riya","family":"Karmakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Rd., Min Hsiung, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Engineering and Technology, Sanjivani University, Sanjivani Factory, Singnapur, Kopargaon 423603, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1542-1495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsung-Hsien","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Shou","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, 2, Zhongzheng 1st.Rd., Lingya District, Kaohsiung City 80284, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4107-2062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsiang-Chen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Rd., Min Hsiung, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan"},{"name":"Technology Development, Hitspectra Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Kaohsiung 80661, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Shidham, V.B., and Atkinson, B.F. 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