{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T10:35:52Z","timestamp":1764326152210,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"state task of the National Research Center \u201cKurchatov Institute\u201d"},{"name":"Kurchatov Center for Genome Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22-74-10047-\u041f"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-74-10047-\u041f"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Whole-cell biosensors represent one of the tools used for assessing the effects of various agents on living cells. Here we have constructed and tested whole-cell lux-biosensors to detect membrane damage in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria using the stress-inducible promoter of the pspA gene from Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis fused to the lux genes from Photorhabdus luminescens. These biosensors increase their luminescence in response to treatment with a number of known membrane-damaging compounds, such as ethanol, Triton X-100, polymyxin B, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and melittin. E. coli- and B. subtilis-based biosensors demonstrated differences in response to the action of the same membrane-damaging agent. Thus, ethanol and polymyxin B specifically induced the pspA promoter in both lux-biosensors, but the induction amplitude was higher in the E. coli. Triton X-100 and melittin specifically induced the pspA promoter exclusively in B. subtilis cells, while DMSO induced it only in E. coli cells. This indicates a difference in the stress response of the Psp system to membrane-damaging agents in E. coli and B. subtilis cells. Thus, we demonstrated the functionality and efficiency of the constructed lux-biosensors and, using them, showed that some of the tested compounds are able to specifically activate Psp stress response systems in case of membrane damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios15120780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T15:56:41Z","timestamp":1764172601000},"page":"780","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bacterial lux-Biosensors for Detecting Specific Cell Responses to Membrane Damage"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3127-4114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir A.","family":"Plyuta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Complex of NBICS Technologies, National Research Center \u201cKurchatov Institute\u201d, Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1920-3460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evgeny Y.","family":"Gnuchikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complex of NBICS Technologies, National Research Center \u201cKurchatov Institute\u201d, Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Kurchatov Center for Genome Research, National Research Center \u201cKurchatov Institute\u201d, Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anastasiia A.","family":"Gorbunova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.P. Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronika D.","family":"Udovichenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Moscow Polytechnic University, Bolshaya Semyonovskaya Str. 38, 107023 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristina A.","family":"Sinyakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Moscow Polytechnic University, Bolshaya Semyonovskaya Str. 38, 107023 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4038-1253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daria E.","family":"Sidorova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complex of NBICS Technologies, National Research Center \u201cKurchatov Institute\u201d, Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2913-9017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga A.","family":"Koksharova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complex of NBICS Technologies, National Research Center \u201cKurchatov Institute\u201d, Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-40, 119992 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1953-0311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergey V.","family":"Bazhenov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova Str. 20, 123592 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7507-4827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga E.","family":"Melkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complex of NBICS Technologies, National Research Center \u201cKurchatov Institute\u201d, Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Kurchatov Center for Genome Research, National Research Center \u201cKurchatov Institute\u201d, Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baran, A., Kwiatkowska, A., and Potocki, L. 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