{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T05:26:50Z","timestamp":1764394010949,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["32171456","82100430"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32171456","82100430"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFB3211600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFB3211600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2023A1515111139","2025A1515010608","2020A1515111139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A1515111139","2025A1515010608","2020A1515111139"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China","award":["2023A03J1008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A03J1008"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Sun Yat-sen University","award":["24xkjc011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24xkjc011"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011269","name":"Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2024-skllmd-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-skllmd-11"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Program","award":["JCYJ20220818102201003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20220818102201003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Microneedle array-based drug delivery offers a minimally invasive and safe approach for breaching the skin barrier, enabling localized and targeted treatment\u2014an advantage particularly valuable in chronic condition management, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA presents a multifaceted pathophysiology, often necessitating long-term pharmacological management. However, conventional oral administration may lead to systemic drug distribution, increasing the likelihood of adverse effects, and ultimately undermining therapeutic efficacy. In this study, a hollow microneedle array was employed for effective delivery of Tofacitinib and the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). A comprehensive evaluation was conducted across multiple levels, in which inflammation and cartilage degradation were assessed histologically using hematoxylin-eosin (H&amp;E) and Safranin O\u2013Fast Green staining. Radiologically, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was employed to visualize bone structure alterations. On the molecular level, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to quantify inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers. Furthermore, differentially expressed genes and enriched signaling pathways were identified through transcriptomic profiling pre- and post-treatment. And the potential regulatory targets and mechanistic insights into the therapeutic response were elucidated through correlation analyses between gene expression profiles and pathological indicators. This study provides a mechanistic and computational basis for precision targeted therapy, validates the efficacy and safety of microneedle delivery in a rheumatoid arthritis (RA) model, and demonstrates its potential application in local drug delivery strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios15120782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T09:56:02Z","timestamp":1764323762000},"page":"782","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transcriptomic Evaluation of Hollow Microneedles-Mediated Drug Delivery for Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zhibo","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen 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