{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T05:18:12Z","timestamp":1767417492899,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["111-2113-M-A49-019-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["111-2113-M-A49-019-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Eu3+ is a fluorescent and paramagnetic ion whose emission intensity increases when chelated with enhancers such as tetracycline (TC). In this study, Eu3+ was conjugated with citric acid (CA) to form magnetic fluorescent probes capable of capturing trace TC from solutions. The probes were rapidly prepared (~2.25 min) and trapped TC within ~2.5 min under microwave heating. The method enabled sensitive detection of TC, oxytetracycline, and chlortetracycline with detection limits of ~3\u20137 nM by fluorescence spectroscopy. It was successfully applied to real food samples, including fresh chicken broth and commercial broth cubes, achieving high accuracy (93.7% and 96.6%). This dual-functional probe offers a rapid and sensitive approach for detecting TC residues in complex food matrices, demonstrating strong potential for food-safety monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios16010029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T09:56:23Z","timestamp":1767347783000},"page":"29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Magnetic Europium Ion-Based Fluorescence Sensing Probes for the Detection of Tetracyclines in Complex Samples"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8932-9678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miftakhul","family":"Jannatin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2253-4049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Chie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan"},{"name":"International College of Semiconductor Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2423","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38156-7","article-title":"Less is more: Antibiotics at the beginning of life","volume":"14","author":"Stocker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1080\/10643389.2022.2094693","article-title":"Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in agricultural soils: A systematic analysis","volume":"53","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.171757","article-title":"A review on the alternatives to antibiotics and the treatment of antibiotic pollution: Current development and future prospects","volume":"926","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.132862","article-title":"Contamination distribution and non-biological removal pathways of typical tetracycline antibiotics in the environment: A review","volume":"463","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2023.123225","article-title":"Magnetic field facilitated electrocatalytic degradation of tetracycline in wastewater by magnetic porous carbonized phthalonitrile resin","volume":"340","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.glmedi.2024.100081","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance: Impacts, challenges, and future prospects","volume":"2","author":"Ahmed","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Med. Surg. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70034","DOI":"10.1002\/puh2.70034","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance in developing countries: Emerging threats and policy responses","volume":"4","author":"Ehsan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Public Health Chall."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2024.141519","article-title":"Tetracyclines contamination in European aquatic environments: A comprehensive review of occurrence, fate, and removal techniques","volume":"353","author":"Antos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2242633","DOI":"10.1080\/23311932.2023.2242633","article-title":"Determination of some antibiotic residues (tetracycline, oxytetracycline and penicillin-G) in beef sold for public consumption at Dukem and Bishoftu (Debre Zeyit) towns, central Ethiopia by LC\/MS\/MS","volume":"9","author":"Uma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cogent Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.134270","article-title":"Development and optimization of an ultra-fast microextraction followed by HPLC-UV of tetracycline residues in milk products","volume":"402","author":"Zergiebel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4026","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-54553-4","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of long-term antibiotic use on cognitive outcomes","volume":"14","author":"Ye","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.120417","article-title":"Veterinary tetracycline residues: Environmental occurrence, ecotoxicity, and degradation mechanism","volume":"266","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"143","article-title":"Degradation of leachate and high concentration emerging pollutant tetracycline through electro oxidation","volume":"159","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"European Union Commission Regulation (2025, October 08). Commission Regulation (EU) 2024\/1229, Supplementing Regulation (EU) 2019\/4 of the European Parliament and of the Council by Establishing Specific Maximum Levels of Cross-Contamination of Antimicrobial Active Substances in Non-Target Feed and Methods of Analysis for These Substances in Feed, No. C\/2024\/954. Available online: https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX%3A32024R1229&qid=1759891917733."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Codex Alimentarius International Food Standards (2025, October 08). Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) and Risk Management Recommendations (RMRs) for Residues of Veterinary Drugs in Foods; CXM2-2024. Available online: https:\/\/www.fao.org\/fao-who-codexalimentarius\/codex-texts\/maximum-residue-limits\/en\/."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2023.137213","article-title":"Fluorescent and smartphone imaging detection of tetracycline residues based on luminescent europium ion-functionalized the regular octahedral UiO-66-NH2","volume":"432","author":"Yue","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2023.137879","article-title":"Synergy of iron-natural phenolic microparticles and hydrophobic ionic liquid for enrichment of tetracycline residues in honey prior to HPLC-UV detection","volume":"437","author":"Nilnit","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2024.125645","article-title":"Green hairy basil seed mucilage biosorbent for dispersive solid phase extraction enrichment of tetracyclines in bovine milk samples followed by HPLC analysis","volume":"271","author":"Nakhonchai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124032","article-title":"A probe of new molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction coupled with HPLC-DAD and atomic absorption spectrophotometry for quantification of tetracycline HCl, metronidazole and bismuth subcitrate in combination with their official impurities: Application in dosage form and human plasma","volume":"1234","author":"Hassan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2024.106179","article-title":"Simultaneous extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and tetracycline antibiotics from honey samples using dispersive solid phase extraction combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction before their determination with HPLC-DAD","volume":"131","author":"Khatami","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Food Compos. Anal."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochem.2023.114989","article-title":"Synthesis of novel MnFe2O4\/BiOI green nanocomposite and its application to photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride:(LC-MS analyses, mechanism, reusability, kinetic, radical agents, mineralization, process capability, and purification of actual pharmaceutical wastewater)","volume":"444","author":"Golrizkhatami","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. A"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2023.463818","article-title":"Accurate determination of four tetracycline residues in chicken meat by isotope dilution-liquid chromatography\/tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"1691","author":"Lijalem","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarkar, S., Souza, M.J., Martin-Jimenez, T., Abouelkhair, M.A., Kania, S.A., and Okafor, C.C. (2023). Tetracycline, sulfonamide, and erythromycin residues in beef, eggs, and honey sold as \u201cantibiotic-free\u201d products in East Tennessee (USA) farmers\u2019 markets. Vet. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10040243"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2024.109931","article-title":"A bioluminescence method based on NLuc-TetR for the detection of nine tetracyclines in milk","volume":"199","author":"Fan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1039\/D1AY01838H","article-title":"Simultaneous separation of 12 different classes of antibiotics under the condition of complete protonation by capillary electrophoresis-coupled contactless conductivity detection","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e28471","article-title":"Preparation of a carbon paste electrode with active materials for the detection of tetracycline","volume":"10","author":"Akono","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2023.137041","article-title":"Aptamer tuned nanozyme activity of nickel-metal\u2013organic framework for sensitive electrochemical aptasensing of tetracycline residue","volume":"430","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ben Halima, H., Baraket, A., Vinas, C., Zine, N., Bausells, J., Jaffrezic-Renault, N., Teixidor, F., and Errachid, A. (2022). Selective antibody-free sensing membranes for picogram tetracycline detection. Biosensors, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/bios13010071"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341707","article-title":"Molecular imprinted polymer-based potentiometric approach for the assay of the co-formulated tetracycline HCl, metronidazole and bismuth subcitrate in capsules and spiked human plasma","volume":"1278","author":"Hassan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-023-05653-x","article-title":"Ratiometric fluorescence sensor for tetracycline detection based on two fluorophores derived from Partridge tea","volume":"190","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mikrochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.132016","article-title":"Two birds with one stone: Ratiometric sensing platform overcoming cross-interference for multiple-scenario detection and accurate discrimination of tetracycline analogs","volume":"458","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, M., Lv, C., Pang, J., Yang, Z., and Sha, H. (2025). Establishment of an indirect ELISA detection method for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus NSP4. Front. Microbiol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1549008"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18437","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.4c03574","article-title":"A novel cell-and virus-free SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody ELISA based on site-specific labeling technology","volume":"96","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172866","article-title":"A novel fluorescence platform for specific detection of tetracycline antibiotics based on [MQDA-Eu3+] system","volume":"931","author":"Ran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2023.137097","article-title":"Zinc-doped carbon quantum dots-based ratiometric fluorescence probe for rapid, specific, and visual determination of tetracycline hydrochloride","volume":"431","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optmat.2024.115227","article-title":"Ratiometric fluorescent probes based on carbon dots and europium for rapid detection of tetracycline","volume":"150","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Opt. Mater."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2023.215455","article-title":"Luminescent sensors for residual antibiotics detection in food: Recent advances and perspectives","volume":"498","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2023.136904","article-title":"Two birds with one stone: A universal design and application of signal-on labeled fluorescent\/electrochemical dual-signal mode biosensor for the detection of tetracycline residues in tap water, milk and chicken","volume":"430","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jorganchem.2025.123942","article-title":"Tetracycline Chemosensors: Materials, Mechanisms, and Applications","volume":"1044","author":"Gul","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Organomet. Chem."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2020.06.011","article-title":"Tailoring the sensing abilities of carbon nanodots obtained from olive solid wastes","volume":"167","author":"Sawalha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2022.122024","article-title":"Microwave-assisted green synthesis of carbon dots derived from wild lemon (Citrus pennivesiculata) leaves as a fluorescent probe for tetracycline sensing in water","volume":"286","author":"Venugopalan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2023.137407","article-title":"Carbon dots-based fluorescent molecularly imprinted photonic crystal hydrogel strip: Portable and efficient strategy for selective detection of tetracycline in foods of animal origin","volume":"433","author":"Pan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2023.137717","article-title":"Highly sensitive ratiometric fluorescence detection of tetracycline residues in food samples based on Eu\/Zr-MOF","volume":"436","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2023.158442","article-title":"A smart Zn-MOF-based ratiometric fluorescence sensor for accurate distinguish and optosmart sensing of different types of tetracyclines","volume":"640","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2023.100883","article-title":"Rapid and sensitive detection of tetracycline residue in food samples using Cr (III)-MOF fluorescent sensor","volume":"20","author":"Khezerlou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem. X"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2024.175730","article-title":"Facile construction of a bifunctional Eu-MOF for selective fluorescence sensing and visible light photocatalysis of tetracycline","volume":"1003","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2023.135216","article-title":"An enzyme-free and label-free ratiometric fluorescence signal amplification biosensor based on DNA-silver nanoclusters and catalytic hairpin assembly for tetracycline detection","volume":"404","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2024.110110","article-title":"A novel turn-off Tb3+\/ssDNA complex-based time-resolved fluorescent aptasensor for oxytetracycline detection using the powerful sensitizing property of the modified complementary strand on Tb3+ emission","volume":"199","author":"Esmaelpourfarkhani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2024.125935","article-title":"Study of dual binding specificity of aptamer to ochratoxin A and norfloxacin and the development of fluorescent aptasensor in milk detection","volume":"273","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2019.111791","article-title":"A smartphone-integrated ratiometric fluorescence sensing platform for visual and quantitative point-of-care testing of tetracycline","volume":"148","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30837","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b09100","article-title":"Using magnetic ions to probe and induce magnetism of pyrophosphates, bacteria, and mammalian cells","volume":"10","author":"Wei","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, C.W., Yang, T.-L., and Chen, Y.-C. (2024). Using magnetic micelles combined with carbon fiber ionization mass spectrometry for screening of trace triazine herbicides from aqueous samples. Molecules, 29.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29010137"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2020.03.046","article-title":"Using gadolinium ions as affinity probes to selectively enrich and magnetically isolate bacteria from complex samples","volume":"1113","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.38212\/2224-6614.3457","article-title":"Using lanthanide ions as magnetic and sensing probes for the detection of tetracycline from complex samples","volume":"31","author":"Zhan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Food Drug Anal."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2023.133298","article-title":"A facile switch-on fluorescence sensing method for detecting phosphates from complex aqueous samples","volume":"380","author":"Tsai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5669","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.4c00655","article-title":"Europium ion-based magnetic-trapping and fluorescence-sensing method for detection of pathogenic bacteria","volume":"96","author":"Jannatin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3533","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00905a001","article-title":"Hard and soft acids and bases","volume":"85","author":"Pearson","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2024.136753","article-title":"Ratiometric fluorescence sensor based on chiral europium-doped carbon dots for specific and portable detection of tetracycline","volume":"423","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8061","DOI":"10.1021\/ac0709450","article-title":"MALDI MS analysis of oligonucleotides: Desalting by functional magnetite beads using microwave-assisted extraction","volume":"79","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-009-3106-0","article-title":"Microwave-assisted sensing of tetracycline using europium-sensitized luminescence fibers as probes","volume":"395","author":"Kuong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-009-2890-x","article-title":"Iron oxide\/tantalum oxide core\u2013shell magnetic nanoparticle-based microwave-assisted extraction for phosphopeptide enrichment from complex samples for MALDI MS analysis","volume":"394","author":"Lin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adnadjevic, B., and Jovanovic, J. (2011). The effect of microwave heating on the isothermal kinetics of chemicals reaction and physicochemical processes. Advances in Induction and Microwave Heating of Mineral and Organic Materials, IntechOpen.","DOI":"10.5772\/14032"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2025.116057","article-title":"A sensitive visual intelligent fluorescence detection platform for tetracycline detection based on silicon quantum dots","volume":"13","author":"Bi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2021.130871","article-title":"Liposome-encapsulated aggregation-induced emission fluorogen assisted with portable smartphone for dynamically on-site imaging of residual tetra-cycline","volume":"350","author":"Shen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122612","article-title":"Luminol-Eu-based ratiometric fluorescence probe for highly selective and visual determination of tetracycline","volume":"234","author":"Yao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2023.124874","article-title":"A smartphone-assisted paper-based ratio fluorescent probe for the rapid and on-site detection of tetracycline in food samples","volume":"265","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2020.105151","article-title":"Highly sensitive colorimetric paper-based analytical device for the determination of tetracycline using green fluorescent carbon nitride nanoparticles","volume":"158","author":"Huy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2022.339572","article-title":"Rational design of MoS2 QDs and Eu3+ as a ratiometric fluorescent probe for point-of-care visual quantitative detection of tetracycline via smartphone-based portable platform","volume":"1198","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2017.08.020","article-title":"A novel visual ratiometric fluorescent sensing platform for highly sensitive visual detection of tetracyclines by a lanthanide-functionalized palygorskite nanomaterial","volume":"342","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jia, L., Guo, S., Xu, J., Chen, X., Zhu, T., and Zhao, T. (2019). A ratiometric fluorescent nano-probe for rapid and specific detection of tetracycline residues based on a dye-doped functionalized nanoscaled metal\u2013organic framework. Nanomaterials, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano9070976"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47099","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c15482","article-title":"Smartphones and test paper-assisted ratiometric fluorescent sensors for semi-quantitative and visual assay of tetracycline based on the target-induced synergistic effect of antenna effect and inner filter effect","volume":"12","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1039\/D0AN01826K","article-title":"A ratiometric nanoprobe based on carboxylated graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets and Eu3+ for the detection of tetracyclines","volume":"146","author":"Ti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.125296","article-title":"A stick-like intelligent multicolor nano-sensor for the detection of tetracycline: The integration of nano-clay and carbon dots","volume":"413","author":"Jia","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.124935","article-title":"Ultrasensitive and visual detection of tetracycline based on dual-recognition units constructed multicolor fluorescent nano-probe","volume":"409","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.127741","article-title":"A smartphone-integrated method for visual detection of tetracycline","volume":"416","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230003","DOI":"10.29026\/oes.2023.230003","article-title":"High-Speed Multiwavelength InGaAs\/InP Quantum Well Nanowire Array Micro-LEDs for Next Generation Optical Communications","volume":"2","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Opto-Electron. Sci."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cap.2025.10.001","article-title":"Bilayer Graphene Metasurface with Dynamically Reconfigurable Terahertz Perfect Absorption","volume":"80","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Appl. Phys."}],"container-title":["Biosensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6374\/16\/1\/29\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T05:14:10Z","timestamp":1767417250000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6374\/16\/1\/29"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["bios16010029"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bios16010029","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-6374"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2079-6374"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}}}