{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:42:10Z","timestamp":1791477730171,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cellsway Limited"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for the majority of cases. Standard tissue biopsies are invasive and unsuitable for repeated monitoring. Liquid biopsy technologies, particularly circulating tumor cell (CTC) analysis, offer a minimally invasive alternative for real-time disease tracking. To address the need for efficient and reproducible CTC isolation, we developed the Cellsway microfluidic CTC enrichment and identification platform, which employs inertial hydrodynamics in a spiral-shaped microfluidic channel comprising hydrofoil-shaped pillars to enable high-throughput, label-free enrichment of CTCs while preserving cell integrity, followed by an optimized CTC identification assay. Analytical performance assessed through spiking experiments using NSCLC cell lines demonstrated recovery rates of 91.9% for H1975 cells and 78.3% for A549 cells. Clinical validation was performed on blood samples from 51 stage IV NSCLC patients. A 7.5 mL volume of peripheral blood was processed with the SwayBox platform, and enriched CTCs were identified through an optimized multiplex immunofluorescence protocol. CTCs were detected in 47% of NSCLC patients, with counts ranging from 0 to 72 cells per 7.5 mL of blood. At a cutoff of 1 CTC per 7.5 mL, the assay achieved a specificity of 95%. Patient-derived CTCs exhibited smaller mean diameters compared to cultured NSCLC cell lines, yet were effectively enriched through hydro-dynamic tuning. These findings demonstrate that the Cellsway platform enables efficient and re-producible CTC isolation with high specificity, supporting its potential utility for clinical monitoring and precision oncology in NSCLC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios16010034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T12:23:44Z","timestamp":1767356624000},"page":"34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation of the Cellsway Microfluidic CTC Enrichment and Identification Platform for CTC Detection in Metastatic NSCLC"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2469-0267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ebru","family":"\u00d6zg\u00fcr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mikro Biyosistemler A.S., 06530 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0854-5932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ay\u00e7a","family":"\u00c7\u0131r\u00e7\u0131r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mikro Biyosistemler A.S., 06530 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1846-8985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beg\u00fcm \u015een","family":"Do\u011fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mikro Biyosistemler A.S., 06530 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7694-7781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u015eebnem","family":"\u015eahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mikro Biyosistemler A.S., 06530 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4649-6932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gizem","family":"Karayal\u00e7\u0131n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mikro Biyosistemler A.S., 06530 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3556-2068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet Alper","family":"Demir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mikro Biyosistemler A.S., 06530 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9808-0608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ba\u015fak","family":"Erkek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mikro Biyosistemler A.S., 06530 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enes","family":"Demirta\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mikro Biyosistemler A.S., 06530 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9570-0434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d6zge","family":"Zorlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mikro Biyosistemler A.S., 06530 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1944-0861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Furkan","family":"Ceylan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, 06800 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1331-4474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haluk","family":"K\u00fclah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mikro Biyosistemler A.S., 06530 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"METU MEMS Center, 06530 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3291-8062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuri","family":"Karadurmu\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, University of Health Sciences, G\u00fclhane Training and Research Hospital, 06010 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7021-6139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet Ali Nahit","family":"\u015eendur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, 06800 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Beyaz\u0131t University, 06800 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1637-7390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saadettin","family":"K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7kap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, \u0130stinye University, 34408 \u0130stanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Medical Oncology Unit, Liv Hospital Ankara, 06680 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102693","article-title":"Global Burden of Lung Cancer in 2022 and Projections to 2050: Incidence and Mortality Estimates from GLOBOCAN","volume":"93","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001021","DOI":"10.1136\/esmoopen-2020-001021","article-title":"Lung Cancer Symptoms at Diagnosis: Results of a Nationwide Registry Study","volume":"5","author":"Provencio","year":"2020","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2019.04.014","article-title":"Lung Cancer Patients\u2019 Journey from First Symptom to Treatment: Results from a Greek Registry","volume":"60","author":"Kourlaba","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-024-00551-9","article-title":"Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"10","author":"Hendriks","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.currproblcancer.2017.07.002","article-title":"Risk Factors of Lung Cancer in Nonsmoker","volume":"41","author":"Akhtar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Probl. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01450-2","article-title":"Toward Personalized Treatment Approaches for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.21037\/tlcr.2016.08.06","article-title":"Pros: Can Tissue Biopsy Be Replaced by Liquid Biopsy?","volume":"5","author":"Hofman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transl. Lung Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00197013","article-title":"Tumour Tissue Sampling for Lung Cancer Management in the Era of Personalized Therapy: What Is Good Enough for Molecular Testing?","volume":"44","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-02021-w","article-title":"Liquid Biopsy in Cancer Current: Status, Challenges and Future Prospects","volume":"9","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-022-01505-z","article-title":"Liquid Biopsy in Lung Cancer: Significance in Diagnostics, Prediction, and Treatment Monitoring","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-024-03026-7","article-title":"Liquid Biopsy Techniques and Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Monitoring and Evaluation","volume":"43","author":"Ren","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bertoli, E., De Carlo, E., Basile, D., Zara, D., Stanzione, B., Schiappacassi, M., Del Conte, A., Spina, M., and Bearz, A. (2023). Liquid Biopsy in NSCLC: An Investigation with Multiple Clinical Implications. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241310803"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859152","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.859152","article-title":"Clinical Applications of Circulating Tumour Cells and Circulating Tumour DNA in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer\u2014An Update","volume":"12","author":"Kapeleris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2024.05.014","article-title":"Unlocking the Future of Cancer Diagnosis\u2014Promises and Challenges of CtDNA-Based Liquid Biopsies in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"272","author":"Reina","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-025-00921-8","article-title":"Detection of Actionable Mutations in Circulating Tumor DNA for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients","volume":"5","author":"Rozendal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Commun. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, Y.G., Lee, B., Ha, C., Lee, C., Jung, H.A., Sun, J.M., Lee, S.H., Ahn, M.J., Choi, Y.L., and Park, S. (2024). Clinical Utility of Circulating Tumor DNA Profiling in Detecting Targetable Fusions in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front. Oncol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1463341"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2557","DOI":"10.21037\/tlcr-2019-cnsclc-09","article-title":"The Role of Plasma Genotyping in ALK- And ROS1-Rearranged Lung Cancer","volume":"9","author":"Ritterhouse","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Lung Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2024.102791","article-title":"Circulating Tumor DNA to Guide Diagnosis and Treatment of Localized and Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"129","author":"Marinello","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Rev."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2140-0","article-title":"Integrating Genomic Features for Non-Invasive Early Lung Cancer Detection","volume":"580","author":"Chabon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-024-06030-8","article-title":"Opportunities and Challenges of Using Circulating Tumor DNA to Predict Lung Cancer Immunotherapy Efficacy","volume":"150","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Capua, D., Bracken-Clarke, D., Ronan, K., Baird, A.M., and Finn, S. (2021). The Liquid Biopsy for Lung Cancer: State of the Art, Limitations and Future Developments. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13163923"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlb.2024.100169","article-title":"A Revolutionary Era in Advancing Precision Immuno-Oncology; Role of Circulating Tumor Cells","volume":"6","author":"Bahmaie","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Liq. Biopsy"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4437","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-0143","article-title":"False-Positive Plasma Genotyping Due to Clonal Hematopoiesis","volume":"24","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omto.2021.05.005","article-title":"Progress and Application of Circulating Tumor Cells in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"22","author":"Qian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Oncolytics"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2025.07.008","article-title":"Circulating Tumor Cells: Blood-Based Detection, Molecular Biology, and Clinical Applications","volume":"43","author":"Dai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wankhede, D., Grover, S., and Hofman, P. (2022). Circulating Tumor Cells as a Predictive Biomarker in Resectable Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14246112"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.21037\/tlcr.2017.05.07","article-title":"Clinical Utility of Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"6","author":"Gallo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl. Lung Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.21037\/tlcr-21-149","article-title":"Circulating Tumor Cells Can Predict the Prognosis of Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer after Resection: A Retrospective Study","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Lung Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.117726","article-title":"Liquid Biopsy in Lung Cancer: The Role of Circulating Tumor Cells in Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis","volume":"181","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, J., Wang, K., Xu, J., Huang, J., and Zhang, T. (2013). Prognostic Significance of Circulating Tumor Cells in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078070"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2019.04.011","article-title":"Early Detection of Recurrence in Patients With Locally Advanced Non\u2013Small-Cell Lung Cancer via Circulating Tumor Cell Analysis","volume":"20","author":"Chinniah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Lung Cancer"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2417849","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202417849","article-title":"Distinct CTC Specific RNA Profile Enables NSCLC Early Detection and Dynamic Monitoring of Advanced NSCLC","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kej\u00edk, Z., Kapl\u00e1nek, R., Dytrych, P., Masa\u0159\u00edk, M., Vesel\u00e1, K., Abramenko, N., Hoskovec, D., Va\u0161\u00e1kov\u00e1, M., Kr\u00e1lov\u00e1, J., and Mart\u00e1sek, P. (2021). Circulating Tumour Cells (Ctcs) in Nsclc: From Prognosis to Therapy Design. Pharmaceutics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13111879"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28010","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28010","article-title":"Characterization of Different CTC Subpopulations in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"6","author":"Hanssen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.13415","article-title":"Comparative Evaluation of PD-L1 Expression in Cytology Imprints, Circulating Tumour Cells and Tumour Tissue in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients","volume":"17","author":"Abdo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.09.1122","article-title":"EP.11A.11 Application of Circulating Tumor Cell (CTC) PD-L1 Detection in the Evaluation of Therapeutic Efficacy in Advanced NSCLC: A Retrospective Study","volume":"19","author":"Deng","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104696","article-title":"Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells","volume":"25","author":"Edd","year":"2022","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rushton, A.J., Nteliopoulos, G., Shaw, J.A., and Coombes, R.C. (2021). A Review of Circulating Tumour Cell Enrichment Technologies. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13050970"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lei, K.F. (2020). A Review on Microdevices for Isolating Circulating Tumor Cells. Micromachines, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/mi11050531"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Descamps, L., Roy, D.L., and Deman, A.L. (2022). Microfluidic-Based Technologies for CTC Isolation: A Review of 10 Years of Intense Efforts towards Liquid Biopsy. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23041981"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"031501","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0093806","article-title":"Microfluidic Techniques for Isolation, Formation, and Characterization of Circulating Tumor Cells and Clusters","volume":"6","author":"Macaraniag","year":"2022","journal-title":"APL Bioeng."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4598","DOI":"10.1039\/C5LC01014D","article-title":"Separation of Cancer Cells from White Blood Cells by Pinched Flow Fractionation","volume":"15","author":"Ashley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2014.044","article-title":"Microfluidic, Marker-Free Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells from Blood Samples","volume":"9","author":"Karabacak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2016.003","article-title":"Ultra-Fast, Label-Free Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells from Blood Using Spiral Microfluidics","volume":"11","author":"Warkiani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"011802","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4774311","article-title":"Size-Based Hydrodynamic Rare Tumor Cell Separation in Curved Microfluidic Channels","volume":"7","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomicrofluidics"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1039\/C3LC50617G","article-title":"Slanted Spiral Microfluidics for the Ultra-Fast, Label-Free Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells","volume":"14","author":"Warkiani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, S., Ma, D., and Mi, X. (2024). A High-Throughput Circular Tumor Cell Sorting Chip with Trapezoidal Cross Section. Sensors, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/s24113552"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3213","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-30275-x","article-title":"High-Throughput Isolation of Cancer Cells in Spiral Microchannel by Changing the Direction, Magnitude and Location of the Maximum Velocity","volume":"13","author":"Omrani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18575","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-54960-y","article-title":"New Labyrinth Microfluidic Device Detects Circulating Tumor Cells Expressing Cancer Stem Cell Marker and Circulating Tumor Microemboli in Hepatocellular Carcinoma","volume":"9","author":"Wan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00d6zkayar, G., Mutlu, E., \u015eahin, \u015e., Yal\u00e7\u0131n, Y.D., T\u00f6ral, T., K\u00fclah, H., Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m, E., Zorlu, \u00d6., and \u00d6zg\u00fcr, E. (2020). A Novel Microfluidic Method Utilizing a Hydrofoil Structure to Improve Circulating Tumor Cell Enrichment: Design and Analytical Validation. Micromachines, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/mi11110981"},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Ozkayar, G., Yildirim, E., and Zorlu, O. (2022). A Method of Microfluidic Particle Separation Enhancement and the Device Thereof. (WIPO Patent WO\/2020\/139210)."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kilercik, M., \u00d6zg\u00fcr, E., \u015eahin, \u015e., Do\u011fan, B.\u015e., Mutlu, E., Cihan, C., Kolay, M., Erkal, N., Zorlu, \u00d6., and Do\u011fanca, T.S. (2024). Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells in Non-Metastatic Prostate Cancer through Integration of a Microfluidic CTC Enrichment System and Multiparametric Flow Cytometry. PLoS ONE, 19.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0312296"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sen-Dogan, B., Demir, M.A., Sahin, B., Yildirim, E., Karayalcin, G., Sahin, S., Mutlu, E., Toral, T.B., Ozgur, E., and Zorlu, O. (2023). Analytical Validation of a Spiral Microfluidic Chip with Hydrofoil-Shaped Pillars for the Enrichment of Circulating Tumor Cells. Biosensors, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/bios13100938"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.13705","article-title":"A Comparative Study of Circulating Tumor Cell Isolation and Enumeration Technologies in Lung Cancer","volume":"19","author":"Oner","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hosokawa, M., Kenmotsu, H., Koh, Y., Yoshino, T., Yoshikawa, T., Naito, T., Takahashi, T., Murakami, H., Nakamura, Y., and Tsuya, A. (2013). Size-Based Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells in Lung Cancer Patients Using a Microcavity Array System. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067466"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-019-0045-6","article-title":"Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells in Non-Small-Cell-Lung-Cancer Patients Using a Multi-Flow Microfluidic Channel","volume":"5","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microsyst. Nanoeng."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2433","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01150-3","article-title":"Microfluidic Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cell Clusters by Size and Asymmetry","volume":"7","author":"Au","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"042107","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4758131","article-title":"Deterministic Separation of Cancer Cells from Blood at 10 ML\/Min","volume":"2","author":"Loutherback","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIP Adv"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, H.L., Chiou, J.F., Wang, P.Y., Lu, L.S., Shen, C.N., Hsu, H.L., Burnouf, T., Ting, L.L., Chou, P.C., and Chung, C.L. (2020). Ex Vivo Expansion and Drug Sensitivity Profiling of Circulating Tumor Cells from Patients with Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12113394"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-18-1285","article-title":"Circulating Tumor Cells: Come Together, Right Now, over Metastasis","volume":"9","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3099","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.18032","article-title":"Systematic Correlation Analyses of Circulating Tumor Cells with Clinical Variables and Tumor Markers in Lung Cancer Patients","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s10585-024-10288-0","article-title":"Cancer Metastasis through the Lymphatic versus Blood Vessels","volume":"41","author":"Leong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Metastasis"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, C.-A.A., Baum, C., and Xie, Y. (2025). Cancer Metastasis Through the Lymphatics: Invasion and Dissemination. Lymphatics, 3.","DOI":"10.3390\/lymphatics3030017"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Volovetsky, A.B., Novikova, V.A., Boloban, A., Rzhevskiy, A.S., Kapitannikova, A., Ovchinnikova, E.G., Klejmentjeva, T.P., Grishin, V.A., Pigareva, Y., and Zvyagin, A.V. (2025). Prognostic Value of the Number of Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients with Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Micromachines, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/mi16040470"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25819","article-title":"Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells as a Prognostic Factor in Patients Undergoing Radical Surgery for Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma: Comparison of the Efficacy of the CellSearch AssayTM and the Isolation by Size of Epithelial Tumor Cell Method","volume":"129","author":"Hofman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.28.7045","article-title":"Evaluation and Prognostic Significance of Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"29","author":"Krebs","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-019-0649-2","article-title":"Circulating Tumor Cells in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Are Associated with Worse Tumor Response to Checkpoint Inhibitors","volume":"7","author":"Tamminga","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3727\/096504012X13473664562583","article-title":"Relationship of Circulating Tumor Cells to the Effectiveness of Cytotoxic Chemotherapy in Patients with Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"20","author":"Hirose","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oncol. Res."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papadaki, M.A., Sotiriou, A.I., Vasilopoulou, C., Filika, M., Aggouraki, D., Tsoulfas, P.G., Apostolopoulou, C.A., Rounis, K., Mavroudis, D., and Agelaki, S. (2020). Optimization of the Enrichment of Circulating Tumor Cells for Downstream Phenotypic Analysis in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Anti-Pd-1 Immunotherapy. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12061556"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-022-04202-y","article-title":"Powering Single-Cell Genomics to Unravel Circulating Tumour Cell Subpopulations in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients","volume":"149","author":"Acheampong","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asante, D.B., Morici, M., Mohan, G.R.K.A., Acheampong, E., Spencer, I., Lin, W., van Miert, P., Gibson, S., Beasley, A.B., and Ziman, M. (2021). Multi-Marker Immunofluorescent Staining and Pd-L1 Detection on Circulating Tumour Cells from Ovarian Cancer Patients. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13246225"},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"593","article-title":"Cytokeratin-Based CTC Counting Unrelated to Clinical Follow Up","volume":"5","author":"Chinen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.12802","article-title":"Defining the Dimensions of Circulating Tumor Cells in a Large Series of Breast, Prostate, Colon, and Bladder Cancer Patients","volume":"15","author":"Mendelaar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.24906","article-title":"Measurable Morphological Features of Single Circulating Tumor Cells in Selected Solid Tumors\u2014A Pilot Study","volume":"105","author":"Wenta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cytom. Part A"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3676","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.72511","article-title":"Continuous Centrifugal Microfluidics (CCM) Isolates Heterogeneous Circulating Tumor Cells via Full Automation","volume":"12","author":"Woo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2023-0455-OA","article-title":"The Presence of Small-Size Circulating Tumor Cells Predicts Worse Prognosis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients","volume":"149","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.23571","article-title":"The ParsortixTM Cell Separation System\u2014A Versatile Liquid Biopsy Platform","volume":"93","author":"Miller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cytom. Part A"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.23592","article-title":"VTX-1 Liquid Biopsy System for Fully-Automated and Label-Free Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells with Automated Enumeration by BioView Platform","volume":"93","author":"Renier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cytom. Part A"}],"container-title":["Biosensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6374\/16\/1\/34\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T08:42:44Z","timestamp":1767775364000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6374\/16\/1\/34"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["bios16010034"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bios16010034","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-6374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-6374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]}}}