{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:35:23Z","timestamp":1787027723317,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan","award":["AP26103537"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AP26103537"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, an enzyme-free electrochemical sensor based on zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods synthesized by the thermal decomposition of zinc acetate is presented. The suggested approach ensures simplicity, environmental friendliness, and scalability of the process without the use of an autoclave or high pressure. The morphology and structure of the samples are studied using SEM, TEM, XRD, Raman, FTIR, XPS, PL, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. It is found that heat treatment at 450 \u00b0C increases the degree of crystallinity, increases the size of crystallites, and reduces the concentration of surface defects, which leads to improved optical and electrochemical characteristics of the material. Beyond conventional sensitivity metrics, our study demonstrates that the selective detection of ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) can be achieved by controlling the applied potential on a single ZnO electrode, an approach that leverages differences in redox energetics and surface interaction dynamics rather than complex surface functionalization. It is shown in this work that the synthesized ZnO samples subjected to heat treatment in air at 450 \u00b0C exhibit high sensitivity to ascorbic acid (9951.87 \u03bcA\u00b7mM\u22121\u00b7cm\u22122; LoD = 1.11 \u03bcM) at a potential of 0.2 V and to uric acid (5762.48 \u03bcA\u00b7mM\u22121\u00b7cm\u22122; LoD = 1.71 \u03bcM) in a phosphate buffer solution (pH 7) at a potential of 0.4 V with a linear range of 3 mM, offering a way to create simplified multicomponent electrochemical biosensors based on potential-controlled selectivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios16030143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T08:51:57Z","timestamp":1772441517000},"page":"143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Highly Sensitive Zinc Oxide Nanorods for Non-Enzyme Electrochemical Detection of Ascorbic and Uric Acids"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0726-1118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lesya V.","family":"Gritsenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"General Physics Department, Institute of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Satbayev University, Satpayev Str., 22, Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan"},{"name":"Institute of Applied Science & Information Technology, Nazarbayev Ave. 36-1, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7683-830X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhaniya U.","family":"Paltusheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science, Nanotechnology and Engineering Physics, Mining and Metallurgical Institute, Satbayev University, Satpayev Str., 22, Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0016-3143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinara T.","family":"Tastaibek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science, Nanotechnology and Engineering Physics, Mining and Metallurgical Institute, Satbayev University, Satpayev Str., 22, Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2729-2272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khabibulla A.","family":"Abdullin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Science & Information Technology, Nazarbayev Ave. 36-1, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan"},{"name":"National Nanotechnology Laboratory of Open Type (NNLOT), Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave., 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4826-1678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhanar K.","family":"Kalkozova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Science & Information Technology, Nazarbayev Ave. 36-1, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan"},{"name":"National Nanotechnology Laboratory of Open Type (NNLOT), Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave., 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4853-3642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maratbek T.","family":"Gabdullin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Green Technology, Kazakh-British Technical University, Tole Bi Street, 59, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8885-020X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juqin","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sustainable Future Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Livorno 60, 10144 Turin, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mirzaei, A., Ansari, H.R., Shahbaz, M., Kim, J.-Y., Kim, H.W., and Kim, S.S. 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