{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:43:03Z","timestamp":1785436983841,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["62335008\/62375180\/T2421003\/22327802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62335008\/62375180\/T2421003\/22327802"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["62335008\/62375180\/T2421003\/22327802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62335008\/62375180\/T2421003\/22327802"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Foundation","award":["2025A1515011484"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025A1515011484"]}]},{"name":"the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program","award":["JCYJ20250604181541054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20250604181541054"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hair loss, particularly androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and alopecia areata (AA), is a prevalent condition with widespread psychosocial impact. Recently, low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has emerged as a promising non-invasive therapeutic alternative due to its bioregulatory effects and favorable safety profile compared to conventional pharmacological treatments. In this study, we employed fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) to investigate the effects of red-light irradiation on hair follicle dynamics and the cutaneous microenvironment in a C57BL\/6 mouse model. A hair regeneration model was established to evaluate the efficacy of 650 nm red-light irradiation (bandwidth \u00b1 20 nm). Then, the skin tissue was stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) and followed by FLIM analysis to provide a multidimensional assessment of tissue morphology and metabolic status. Results showed that red-light irradiation significantly increased hair follicle numbers and enhanced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in the skin tissue. FLIM analysis further revealed prolonged fluorescence lifetime values across different epidermal and dermal layers in the irradiated group, indicating significant alterations in the skin metabolic microenvironment. Furthermore, phasor plot analysis enabled precise differentiation between hair follicles and their surrounding skin structures, highlighting FLIM\u2019s high sensitivity and accuracy in evaluating hair growth. In conclusion, this study has provided novel imaging-based insights into the mechanisms of LLLT-induced hair regeneration, highlighting the potential of FLIM as a powerful tool for characterizing the cutaneous microenvironment and quantitatively evaluating phototherapeutic efficacy in future translational applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios16050232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T08:11:14Z","timestamp":1776931874000},"page":"232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["FLIM Reveals Red Light-Induced Changes in Murine Hair Follicles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Shanjie","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aoshan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qichang","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangchao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Ashmore Health Technology Co., Ltd., Foshan 528305, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunhua","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Ashmore Health Technology Co., Ltd., Foshan 528305, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0745-9514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7833-4711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junle","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"container-title":["Biosensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6374\/16\/5\/232\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T08:58:52Z","timestamp":1776934732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6374\/16\/5\/232"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["bios16050232"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bios16050232","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-6374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-6374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]}}}