{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T02:27:21Z","timestamp":1792895241434,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":159,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The increasing use of antibiotics around the globe has contributed to an increase in antimicrobial resistance and become a major risk to both public health and sustainable development. Reliable and fast detection of antibiotic residues in clinical, agricultural, and environmental matrices is required to monitor antimicrobial resistance effectively. The conventional analytical techniques are sensitive, but they are also expensive, complex and lacking in portability. Voltammetry is a recently emerging electrochemical detection technique that is low-cost and rapid. To the best of our knowledge, for the first time, a meta-analysis was conducted on graphene-based electrochemical sensors and biosensors for antibiotic detection over the last decade. This systematic review critically examines the analytical properties of sensors and biosensors, the physicochemical properties of antibiotics, adsorption characteristics, and the use of nanoparticles to improve the selectivity and sensitivity of devices. This review critically examines the cost-effectiveness, scalability, and practicality of point-of-use devices using graphene-based sensors and biosensors. This systematic review also discusses the potential risks to human health from antibiotic contamination and the role of monitoring in contributing to achieving the UN\u2019s Sustainable Development Goals. This systematic review identifies a gap between developing sensors in laboratories versus their deployment as field-deployable devices; it highlights challenges associated with stability, matrix effects and the complexity of manufacturing devices. Finally, it provides recommendations for future research that may help to address this gap to promote the transition of innovative devices from academic to practical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios16050234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T17:04:59Z","timestamp":1776963899000},"page":"234","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Recent Advances in Electrochemical Detection of Antibiotics on Graphene-Based Sensors and Biosensors, Impact and Sustainable Development Challenges: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4399-4880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Saqib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering Division, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Avenue, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"},{"name":"UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8\/2030, CZ 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2205-075X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mrinal","family":"Vashisth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Higher Engineering School of Agrobiotech, National Research Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Avenue, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5938-9562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena I.","family":"Korotkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering Division, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Avenue, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amrit L.","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Avenue, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7473-7254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen O.","family":"Aremu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of General Medicine, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Souvik","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Design, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Sundargarh 769008, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5933-0747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aniruddha","family":"Deb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nirmal K.","family":"Hazra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Coastal Environmental Studies Research Centre, Egra Sarada Shashi Bhusan College, Vidyasagar University, Egra 721429, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachita","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Vivekananda Street, Cooch Behar 736101, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subrata","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Vivekananda Street, Cooch Behar 736101, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2656-6873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pradip Kumar","family":"Kar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Vivekananda Street, Cooch Behar 736101, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrurstud.2020.07.008","article-title":"Antibiotic Stewardship and Its Implications for Agricultural Animal-Human Relationships: Insights from an Intensive Dairy Farm in England","volume":"78","author":"Helliwell","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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